In the light of recent waves of mass immigration, non-professional interpreting and translation (NPIT) is spreading at an unprecedented pace. While as recently as the late 20th century much of the field was a largely uncharted territory, the current proportions of NPIT suggest that the phenomenon is here to stay and needs to be studied with all due academic rigour. This collection of essays is the first systematic attempt at looking at NPIT in a scholarly and at the same time pragmatic way. Offering multiple methods and perspectives, and covering the diverse contexts in which NPIT takes place, the volume is a welcome turn in an all too often polarized debate in both academic and practitioner circles.

The aim of this volume is to provide an overview of diverse aspects of non-professional interpreting and translation in the media. It consists of a collection of essays by eminent international scholars and researchers from the field of Translation and Interpreting Studies, and focuses on television and film, radio, the Internet, and fansubbing.

This special issue of The Translator explores the field with a view to learning from the individuals and networks who take on such 'non-professional' translation and interpreting activities. It showcases the work of researchers who look into the phenomenon within a wide variety of settings: from museums to churches, crowdsourcing and media sites to Wikipedia, and scientific journals to the Social Forum. Drawing on a wide range of disciplines and models, the contributions to this volume enhance the visibility of non-professionals engaged in translating and interpreting and challenge a range of widely-held assumptions within the discipline and the profession.

From fansubbing, fan-generated translation, to user-generated translation, from amateur translation to social translation, non-professional subtitling has come a long way since its humble beginning in the 1980s. The prevailing technological affordance enables and mobilises the digital generation to turn subtitling into a method of self-expression and mediation, and their activities have made translation a more social and visible activity than ever before. This volume provides a comprehensive review of the current state of play of this user-generated subtitling phenomenon. It includes projects and research focusing on various aspects of non-professional subtitling, including the communities at work, the agents at play, the production conditions and the products. The perspectives in the book explore the role played by the agents involved in the emerging subtitling networks worldwide, and their impact on the communities is also discussed, based on empirical data generated from observations on active fansubbing communities. The collection demonstrates, from various viewpoints, the ways in which non-professional subtitling connects languages, cultures and communities in a global setting.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the key issues shaping the language industry, including translation, interpreting, machine translation, editing, terminology management, technology and accessibility. By exploring current and future research topics and methods, the Companion addresses language industry stakeholders, researchers, trainers and working professionals who are keen to know more about the dynamics of the language industry. Providing systematic coverage of a diverse range of translation and interpreting related topics and featuring an A to Z of key terms, The Bloomsbury Companion to Language Industry Studies examines how industry trends and technological advancement can optimize best practices in multilingual communication, language industry workspaces and training.

This volume brings both beginning and experienced translators and interpreters up to date on a broad range of issues. The seven sections take up success and survival strategies for a language professional, including the challenges posed by the changing global economy, the impact of new technologies, adjustments required by a different legal environment and traditional ethical practices. Such challenges and changes point to a need for continuing education and networking and for newcomers specialized postsecondary training. The issues are as broad as the translator and interpreter's role in the modern world, as detailed as advice on setting up a workstation or choosing a degree program. The contributors, all practicing translators and interpreters, discuss also the value of the Association and its Committees to the profession and its individual members.

Communication in Emergency Medicine highlights key challenges to effective communication in Emergency Medicine that may be experienced by healthcare providers, students, nurses, and even hospital administrators. The text addresses these pitfalls by demonstrating how a mix of foundational communication techniques and leadership skills can be used to successfully overcome barriers in information exchange highlighted by real-life clinical scenarios with an emphasis on avoidable pitfalls. This text is an ideal resource for Emergency Medicine providers, with lessons which can also be applied in many other settings as well.

This is the first book, within the interdisciplinary field of Nonverbal Communication Studies, dealing with the specific tasks and problems involved in the translation of literary works as well as film and television texts, and in the live experience of simultaneous and consecutive interpretation. The theoretical and methodological ideas and models it contains should merit the interest not only of students of literature, professional translators and translatologists, interpreters, and those engaged in film and television dubbing, but also to literary readers, film and theatergoers, linguists and psycholinguists, semioticians, communicologists, and crosscultural anthropologists. Its sixteen contributions by translation scholars and professional interpreters from fifteen countries, deal with discourse in translation, intercultural problems, narrative literature, theater, poetry, interpretation, and film and television dubbing.

In their contributions the authors reflect upon Levý’s thinking on translation as a communication process and on Popovič’s insistence on the importance of re-creating a text both at the surface and deep levels. Examples are drawn from literary translation, technical translation, from audio-visual translation and from interpreting, and the authors point out that translators in all domains inevitably come up against linguistic, textual and other constraints, which, if they are to be resolved successfully, call upon a translator’s and interpreter’s strategies and creativity. The authors argue that this is the essence of professional decision-making in translation — according to Levý translation is a decision-making process — and that translation teachers should help students develop an understanding of translation strategies and of the vital role that creativity plays throughout the translation/interpreting process.

Translation and interpreting have long been regarded as two separate fields of study, in spite of their overlap in practice. This book aims to address this gap by providing insights into theoretical and methodological approaches that can help integrate both fields into one and the same discipline.