Despite decades of efforts to combat homelessness, many people continue to experience it in Canada’s major cities. There are a number of barriers that prevent effective responses to homelessness, including a lack of agreement on the fundamental question: what is homelessness? In Multiple Barriers, Alison Smith explores the forces that shape intergovernmental and multilevel governance dynamics to help better understand why, despite the best efforts of community and advocacy groups, homelessness remains as persistent as ever. Drawing on nearly 100 interviews with key actors in Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, and Montreal, as well as extensive participant observation, Smith argues that institutional differences across cities interact with ideas regarding homelessness to contribute to very different models of governance. Multiple Barriers shows that the genuine involvement of locally based service providers, with the development of policy, are necessary for an effective, equitable, and enduring solution to the homelessness crisis in Canada.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th Algorithms and Data Structures Symposium, WADS 2017, held in St. John's, NL, Canada, in July/August 2017. The 49 full papers presented together with 3 abstracts of invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 109 submissions. They present original research on the theory and application of algorithms and data structures in many areas, including combinatorics, computational geometry, databases, graphics, and parallel and distributed computing. The WADS Symposium, which alternates with the Scandinavian Symposium and Workshops on Algorithm Theory, SWAT, is intended as a forum for researchers in the area of design and analysis of algorithms and data structures. Papers presenting original research on the theory and application of algorithms and data structures

Everyone has heard of the Great Wall of China and knows of Hadrian's Wall and the other barriers lining stretches of Rome's imperial frontiers. But Peter Spring's original new study demonstrates that far from being exceptional, the building of walls and other linear defences was commonplace among the peoples and states of pre-modern era. He finds examples virtually all across the globe and analyses their forms and strategic functions. He finds patterns for their distribution, an important recurrent theme being the divide between settled agriculture and nomads. The author argues that it is mistaken to view such undertakings as necessarily purely defensive measures that might be evidence of insecurity or a 'maginot line mentality', as they were in fact often about aggressive assertion of control over a region or strategic routes. This original and thought-provoking study brings new light and insight to a fascinating and neglected aspect of human political and military history. It The clear text is supported by numerous, specially drawn maps and photographs.

Over the last century and a half, groundwaters have become contaminated by a growing number of organic and inorganic substances ranging from petroleum-derived hydrocarbons to radioactive compounds, to cancer-causing hexavalent chromium. The importance of uncontaminated groundwater for agriculture, human consumption, and the environmental health of ecosystems is paramount to the health and productivity of industrial society. Water scientists and managers are focused on developing cost-effective methods to reverse this trend.Several methodologies have been developed, however few are as cost-effective as the use of readily available materials, such as iron and organic compost, for absorbing and isolating contaminants within the matrix of a permeable barrier. The Handbook of Groundwater Remediation using Permeable Reactive Barriers presents readers with this latest technology and developments within four main sections:1. Innovations in Design, Construction, and Evaluation of PRBs2. Development of Reactive Materials3. Evaluations of Chemical and Biological Processes4. Case Studies of Permeable Reactive Barrier InstallationsThe Handbook is one of the first references specifically on this topic. It is an excellent fit for graduate students entering this emerging field as well as professionals conducting research or implementing this technology.

The introduction by the Task Group's convenor L. Taerwe 'Model uncertainties in reliability formats for concrete structures' gives an outline of the general approach summing-up his former contribution to CEB Bulletin 219 'Safety and Performance Concepts' on the consistent treatment of model uncertainties in reliability formats for concrete structures. The second contribution 'An analysis of model uncertainties: ultimata limit state of buckling' by M. Pinglot, F. Duprat and M. Lorrain investigates the model uncertainties of hinged columns and the influence of boundary conditions and proposes appropriate safety elements. The third contribution 'Model uncertainties concerning design equations for the shear capacity of concrete members without shear reinforcement' by G. König and J. Fischer compares suggested formula from various sources (CEB-FIP Model Code, Eurocode 2,Remmel) to 176 test results from a data base covering concrete strengths from 20 to 111 MPa.

A virtual sound barrier is an active noise control system that uses arrays of loudspeakers and microphones to create a useful size of quiet zone and can be used to reduce sound propagation, radiation, or transmission from noise sources or to reduce noise level around people in a noisy environment. This book introduces the history, principle, and design methods of virtual sound barriers first, and then describes recent progress in research on the systems. Two virtual sound barrier systems, i.e., planar virtual sound barrier system and three-dimensional virtual sound barrier system, are discussed including applications, limitations and future direction discussions.

Courses in psychological distress and disorders are among the most popular courses in psychology programs, and mood and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent disorders covered in these classes and encountered by mental health professionals. Although there are books on mood and anxiety disorders, on particular aspects of them, and on their presentation in specific populations, such works do not provide students new to the field with a comprehensive and accessible ready reference for understanding these disorders with respect to their phenomenology, etiology, and treatment, and through an inclusive lens that consistently considers how these symptoms appear and are construed across cultures, addressing societal factors such as race, culture, equity, and oppression. It is hoped that The SAGE Encyclopedia of Mood and Anxiety Disorders will fill this gap, allowing students and other interested readers to become familiar with past and current approaches and theories and to enhance their understanding of the sociocultural factors that affect how we discuss, approach, and treat these types of psychological distress. As such, consideration of sociocultural factors will infuse the three-volume set. The encyclopedia will consist of approximately 450 entries (essays), arranged alphabetically within three volumes.