Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Art - Architecture / History of Construction, grade: 62 out of 80, University of Essex, course: Shaping the city, 6 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: What were the main ideas of the Garden City and how far did the ideas succeed? Over 100 years ago, Europe and its cities were struggling with a major problem that threatened politicians and workers in both ways: there were too many people for too little space. The Industrial Revolution had turned out to be a Pandora's box that had been opened to let her plagues out on the city and their inhabitants: constant immigration, mass population, serious lack of housing and therefore catastrophic living conditions made life hard for the working class. There had to be found a solution to the problem of hygiene and housing, but without rebuilding the city nor creating further ghettos and slums for the people on the lowest part of the social range. In this essay I try to depict how Ebenezer Howard designed with his 1898 published work, "To-morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform," a way out of this disaster. He not only worked it out practically, but thought out a whole ideology of how to decongest the major cities by building new so-called garden cities where people should live mutually, healthy and happily. While doing so, I will not only focus on the realisation of this new town-planning idea in England, but also on his consequences on the continent, especially in Germany, where it found numerous imitators. Finally, I shall look at what is left from Howard's book in the practice of present design of better building and living.

The founder of the Garden City Association outlines his radical new approach to urban planning. First published in 1898.

Originally published in 1898 as To-Morrow: A peaceful path to reform, "the book", writes F.J. Osborn "holds a unique place in town planning literature, is cited in all planning bibliographies, stands on the shelves of the more important libraries, and is alluded to in most books on planning; yet most of the popular writers on planning do not seem to have read it - or if they have read it, to remember what it says." The book led directly to two experiments in town-founding that by imitation, and imitation of imitation, have had a profound influence on practical urban development throughout the world. The book was responsible for the introduction of the term Garden City in numbers of languages - Cite-Jardin, Gartenstadt, Ciudad-jardin, Tuinstad - and set into motion ideas that have helped transform the scientific and political outlook on town structure and town growth. With urban renewal and the development of suburban communities as features of the contemoprary American scene, Garden cities of To-Morrow becomes "must" reading. In the words of Lewis Mumford: "This is not merely a book for Technicians: above all it is a book for citizens, for the people whose actively expressed needs, desires and interests should guide the planner and administrator at every turn." This book was first published in it's current form in 1965.

This examination of a phenomenon of 19th century planning traces the origins, implementation, international transference and adoption of the Garden City idea. It also considers its continuing relevance in the late 20th century and into the 21st century.

This book comprehensively examines architecture, urban planning, and civic perception in three modern cities as they transform into national capitals through an entangled, transnational process that involves an imaginative geography based on embellished memories of classical Athens. Schinkel’s classicist architecture in Berlin, especially the principle of tectonics at its core, came to be adopted effectively at faraway cities in East Asia, merging with the notion of national polity as Imperial Japan sought to reinvent Tokyo and mutating into an inevitable reflection of modern civilization upon reaching colonial Seoul, all of which give reason to ruminate over the phantasmagoria of modernity.