Fluid management is the basis of all clinical management in neurosurgical patients. This is a complete book on transfusion practice in clinical neurosciences. It covers in detail the fluids and blood transfusion practice, also discussing the role of total parenteral nutrition in relation to neurologic patients. The importance of fluid management clinically can be seen as on one hand it plays a significant role in maintaining the hydration of the patient and on the other provides sufficient relaxation to the brain to facilitate surgery. The use of hyperosmolar therapy is unique to the practice of clinical neurosciences. Certain fluid types such as those containing glucose are detrimental to the brain. Likewise, large fluid shifts and blood loss are often observed during neurosurgical procedures. It is relevant to understand the physiology of blood and blood transfusion. This book covers all of these topics in their true relevance. It also provides an evidence-based practice of fluid administration for all neurologic patients including, pediatric and geriatric. The proposed book will be useful for trainees and clinicians in any field of clinical neurosciences. It would be very useful for residents and fellows pursuing their courses in neuroanesthesia, neurocritical care, neurosurgery, emergency medicine, anesthesia, and critical care. Fellows, Resident doctors, postgraduates, and even undergraduates would be benefited from this book. The book would be a ready-reckoner and useful during the clinical practice of physicians from varied specialties. .

Fluid management is the basis of all clinical management in neurosurgical patients. This is a complete book on transfusion practice in clinical neurosciences. It covers in detail the fluids and blood transfusion practice, also discussing the role of total parenteral nutrition in relation to neurologic patients. The importance of fluid management clinically can be seen as on one hand it plays a significant role in maintaining the hydration of the patient and on the other provides sufficient relaxation to the brain to facilitate surgery. The use of hyperosmolar therapy is unique to the practice of clinical neurosciences. Certain fluid types such as those containing glucose are detrimental to the brain. Likewise, large fluid shifts and blood loss are often observed during neurosurgical procedures. It is relevant to understand the physiology of blood and blood transfusion. This book covers all of these topics in their true relevance. It also provides an evidence-based practice of fluid administration for all neurologic patients including, pediatric and geriatric. The proposed book will be useful for trainees and clinicians in any field of clinical neurosciences. It would be very useful for residents and fellows pursuing their courses in neuroanesthesia, neurocritical care, neurosurgery, emergency medicine, anesthesia, and critical care. Fellows, Resident doctors, postgraduates, and even undergraduates would be benefited from this book. The book would be a ready-reckoner and useful during the clinical practice of physicians from varied specialties.

Neurological and Neurosurgical Emergencies addresses emergencies in all fields of neuroscience, including disciplines like Neurology, Neurosurgery, Neuroanaesthesia, and Neuroradiology. This volume covers neurosurgical emergencies, like hydrocephalus, brain edema, intracranial bleed, intracranial hematoma, infection, and trauma, alongside neurovascular emergencies like acute ischemic stroke, non-traumatic, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, carotid cavernous fistula, and arteriovenous malformation. In addition, the book discusses common emergencies in neurology, including status epilepticus, refractory epilepsy, super-refractory epilepsy, and neuromuscular disorders. Beginning with neurological examination of patients through to anesthetic management of various emergencies, this book features clear images that accompany each emergency with learner-friendly features such as flow-charts, figures, text boxes, and algorithms. This book provides insights into all possible aspects of emergency management and the anesthetic management of such patients. - Covers all neurological and neurosurgical emergencies during the perioperative period - Offers practical approaches in the treatment and management of such patients in operation theatre, neuroradiological suites, and intensive care units - Discusses practical and evidence-based concepts of neuroanaesthesia - Details the latest guidelines in patient management

This open access book, published by Springer under the Open Access CC BY 4.0 Licence in collaboration with the International Fluid Academy (IFA, www.fluidacademy.org), explores rationalized intravenous fluid therapy for critically ill patients. Despite being commonly prescribed in inpatient settings, intravenous fluids are often administered without evidence-based guidelines, neglecting essential considerations such as the fact they are drugs, that need proper dosing, duration, indications, contraindications, side effects, and de-escalation. This book fills this knowledge gap. Each chapter starts with a clinical vignette and a related question, followed by a concise summary abstract, key learning points, main text, and a conclusion that addresses the clinical question and provides relevant take-home messages. Additionally, every chapter includes an IFA commentary referencing the latest literature and evidence. The book begins with an introductory chapter that provides definitions and terminology, followed by four sections. The first section covers the fundamentals of intravenous fluid therapy, including fluid compartments in sick patients, fluid bolus dynamics, heart-lung interactions, fluid challenge, fluid responsiveness, arterial blood gas analysis based on traditional and Stewart concepts, and electrolyte physiology relevant to clinical issues. The second section discusses commercially available intravenous fluids, while the third section focuses on fluid therapy in specific clinical situations. The final section introduces the concepts of fluid stewardship and appropriate fluid prescription. Aligned with the International Fluid Academy's mission to enhance education and promote research on fluid management and monitoring, ultimately improving patient survival rates, this book contributes significantly to establishing fluid stewardship at the bedside. It provides valuable support for physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other healthcare professionals across various clinical disciplines working in emergency rooms, operating rooms, or intensive care units, aiding their everyday clinical practice.

This significantly updated new edition describes in detail the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of a wide range of congenital bleeding disorders. It will assist readers in overcoming the significant challenges involved in clinical and laboratory diagnosis and in providing effective clinical care that makes optimal use of new products, including recombinant factor concentrate. The coverage ranges from hemophilia A and B and von Willebrand disease to rare bleeding disorders such as congenital factor V, factor X, factor XI, and factor XIII deficiency and inherited platelet function disorders. The exceptional attention to rarer conditions is of particular importance given the considerable risk of overlooking them during diagnosis, with potential consequences for disease-related morbidity and mortality. The authors are acknowledged specialists in the field from across the world who have particular expertise in the disorder that they discuss. The book will be of value to hematologists, oncologists, pediatricians, laboratory specialists and technicians, general physicians, and trainees.

SECTION 1: Sepsis Diagnosis and Management 1. Precision Medicine in Septic Shock 2. Optimal Blood Pressure Target in Patients with Septic Shock 3. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines in 2022: What is New and what has Changed? 4. Individualizing Hemodynamics in Septic Shock 5. Adjunctive Therapies in Sepsis: Current Status 6. Refractory Septic Shock: What are the Options 7. Steroids in Sepsis and Clinical Outcomes 8. Candida auris: Detection, Prevention, and Management 9. Empirical Antifungal Treatment: Is It Justified? 10. Role of Steroids in Severe Community acquired Pneumonia 11. Procalcitonin: Can It Differentiate Bacterial versus Fungal Infection SECTION 2: Antimicrobial Therapy in ICU 12. Optimizing Antimicrobial Dosing in the Intensive Care Unit 13. Antibiotic within 1 hour: Should this be Applied to all Patients with Sepsis? 14. Dark Side of Antibiotics 15. Optimal Duration of Antibiotic Therapy 16. Cefiderocol: Is this the Answer to Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative Infection? SECTION 3: Respiratory Critical Care 17. Management of Pneumonia in Intensive Care 18. Reverse Triggering during Controlled Ventilation: A Frequent Dysynchrony with Various Consequences 19. Use of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Pneumonia 20. Management of Complicated Pleural Effusion 21. Hepatic Hydrothorax 22. Submassive Pulmonary Embolism 23. Role of Magnesium in Respiratory Failure 24. ARDS in Children: How is it Different? 25. Safe Tracheal Intubation in Intensive Care Unit 26. Lateral Positioning: Does it Work? 27. Dyspnea in Patients on Invasive Ventilation: Clinical Impact 28. Complications of Noninvasive Ventilation Failure SECTION 4: Mechanical Ventilation 29. Setting Optimum PEEP 30. Open Lung or Keep Lung Closed: Which Strategy to Choose? 31. Driving Pressure or Mechanical Power: Which One to Monitor? 32. Measuring Respiratory Drive and Muscle Effort 33. Oxygenation Targets in Mechanically Ventilated Critically-ill Patients 34. Ventilatory Ratio: A New Monitoring Tool 35. Helmet NIV: Is it a Game Changer? 36. Electrical Impedance Tomography: Current Application 37. Automatic Tube Compensation: Does it have a Role? 38. High-frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome 39. Noninvasive Ventilation in Pediatrics: Current Status SECTION 5: Cardiovascular Critical Care 40. Crystalloid Resuscitation: Finding the Balance 41. Artificial Intelligence Tools to Optimize Hemodynamics in the ICU 42. Aggressive or Restrictive Fluid Resuscitation 43. Predicting Hypotension: Is It Useful? 44. Vasopressors: How Early? 45. Myocardial Injury after Noncardiac Surgery 46. Use of Vasopressin during Cardiac Arrest SECTION 6: Echocardiography and Ultrasound 47. Advances in Intensive Care Unit Echocardiography 48. Transesophageal Echocardiography: Is It Preferable in the Intensive Care Unit? 49. ECHO Features of Pulmonary Hypertension and Increased Left Atrial Pressures 50. Role of Echocardiography in Shock State 51. Use of Echocardiography in Assessing Fluid Responsiveness 52. Venous Excess Ultrasound Score (VExUS) SECTION 7: Nephrology, Fluids, Acid-Base Balance and Electrolytes Balance 53. Fluid Management in Acute Kidney Injury 54. Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury: Common but Poorly Understood 55. Delayed versus Very Delayed Renal Replacement Therapy 56. Plasma Exchange in Intensive Care Unit: Current Status 57. Acute Kidney Injury Care Bundle 58. Biomarker-driven Therapy in AKI 59. How to Approach Dyselectrolytemias in a Patient on CRRT? SECTION 8: Neurocritical Care 60. Prognostication in

A practical, dynamic resource for practicing neurologists, clinicians and trainees, Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, Eighth Edition, offers a straightforward style, evidence-based information, and robust interactive content supplemented by treatment algorithms and images to keep you up to date with all that's current in this fast-changing field. This two-volume set is ideal for daily reference, featuring a unique organization by presenting symptom/sign and by specific disease entities—allowing you to access content in ways that mirror how you practice. More than 150 expert contributors, led by Drs. Joseph Jankovic, John C. Mazziotta, Scott L. Pomeroy, and Nancy J. Newman, provide up-to-date guidance that equips you to effectively diagnose and manage the full range of neurological disorders. - Covers all aspects of today's neurology in an easy-to-read, clinically relevant manner. - Allows for easy searches through an intuitive organization by both symptom and grouping of diseases. - Features new and expanded content on movement disorders, genetic and immunologic disorders, tropical neurology, neuro-ophthalmology and neuro-otology, palliative care, pediatric neurology, and new and emerging therapies. - Offers even more detailed videos that depict how neurological disorders manifest, including EEG and seizures, deep brain stimulation for PD and tremor, sleep disorders, movement disorders, ocular oscillations, EMG evaluation, cranial neuropathies, and disorders of upper and lower motor neurons, as well as other neurologic signs. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This comprehensive book is written to inform and improve outcomes of patients in need of blood management during surgical procedures. Information is presented in an accessible format, allowing for immediate use in clinical practice. Beginning with an overview of the history of blood transfusions, early chapters present the foundational information needed to comprehend information in later chapters. Nuanced procedures, drugs, and techniques are covered, including new biologicals to assist clotting and blood substitutes. Further discussions focus on potential complications seen in blood transfusions, such as diseases of the coagulation system, pathogen transmissions, and acute lung injuries. Chapters also examine the complexities of treating specific demographics, of which include the geriatric patient and patients suffering from substance abuse. Essentials of Blood Product Management in Anesthesia Practice is an invaluable guide for anesthesiologists, surgeons, trauma physicians, and solid organ transplant providers.

The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of several drugs is expected to be known to clinicians and researchers at all times. With advances in sciences and development of newer drugs very frequently, it is very important to keep your knowledge updated at all times. This title is a quick guide to researchers and clinicians for a quick reference. The title is also a vital resource for all streams of neurosciences (neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care) and is much different from a conventional pharmacology titles, being more reader friendly and to the point facilitated with numerous flowcharts and algorithms with each chapter being prepared in a standard structured manner.

Fully updated and revised, the second edition of The Practice of Emergency and Critical Care Neurology puts a more modern approach on the practice of emergency neurological care. When most texts within the field focus on the theoretical aspects, this book concentrates on the management of neurologic conditions, recognition of deterioration of neurologic functions, neurosurgical procedures, and immediate interventions. This text also presents hard data to explain why we do what we do. Dr. Wijdicks condenses essential information into several sections comprising of the principles in recognizing critically ill neurologic patients in the emergency department, the evaluation of symptoms indicating critical emergency, general principles of managing critically ill patients, monitoring devices and diagnostic tests, complete management of specific disorders in the neurosciences intensive care unit, postoperative neurosurgical and neurointerventional complications, management of medical complications, and end of life care. Key Features of the New Edition include 1. Additional chapters on critical consults in surgical and medical ICUs, critical care management, and comprehensive monitoring and biomarkers to reflect new research; 2. Rich illustrations using color photos of patients and drawings of important basic concepts of mechanism of acute neurologic disease; 3. Fully updated and comprehensive reference list; 4. A pocket book of selected tables and figures covering all essential points for quick reference and as a survival guide for house staff. This is the go-to guide for every physician, staff neurologist, neurointensivist, resident, and fellow in training with managing acutely ill neurologic patients.