The meaning of an unsolved problem - Applied problems - Problems concerning games - Geometrical problems - Arithmetical problems - Topological problems - Probability and combinatorial problems - A glimpse of some problems of analysis; Fibonnaci numbers - Squares - Circles - Palindrome - Boolean algebra____________

The Kenneth May Lectures have never before been published in book form Important contributions to the history of mathematics by well-known historians of science Should appeal to a wide audience due to its subject area and accessibility

W.Sierpinski has asserted to an international conference that if mankind lasted for ever and numbered the unsolved problems, then in the long run all these unsolved problems would be solved.

The $3x+1$ problem, or Collatz problem, concerns the following seemingly innocent arithmetic procedure applied to integers: If an integer $x$ is odd then “multiply by three and add one”, while if it is even then “divide by two”. The $3x+1$ problem asks whether, starting from any positive integer, repeating this procedure over and over will eventually reach the number 1. Despite its simple appearance, this problem is unsolved. Generalizations of the problem are known to be undecidable, and the problem itself is believed to be extraordinarily difficult. This book reports on what is known on this problem. It consists of a collection of papers, which can be read independently of each other. The book begins with two introductory papers, one giving an overview and current status, and the second giving history and basic results on the problem. These are followed by three survey papers on the problem, relating it to number theory and dynamical systems, to Markov chains and ergodic theory, and to logic and the theory of computation. The next paper presents results on probabilistic models for behavior of the iteration. This is followed by a paper giving the latest computational results on the problem, which verify its truth for $x < 5.4 cdot 10^{18}$. The book also reprints six early papers on the problem and related questions, by L. Collatz, J. H. Conway, H. S. M. Coxeter, C. J. Everett, and R. K. Guy, each with editorial commentary. The book concludes with an annotated bibliography of work on the problem up to the year 2000.

The heart of mathematics is its elegance; the way it all fits together. Unfortunately, its beauty often eludes the vast majority of people who are intimidated by fear of the difficulty of numbers. Mathematical Elegance remedies this. Using hundreds of examples, the author presents a view of the mathematical landscape that is both accessible and fascinating. At a time of concern that American youth are bored by math, there is renewed interest in improving math skills. Mathematical Elegance stimulates students, along with those already experienced in the discipline, to explore some of the unexpected pleasures of quantitative thinking. Invoking mathematical proofs famous for their simplicity and brainteasers that are fun and illuminating, the author leaves readers feeling exuberant-as well as convinced that their IQs have been raised by ten points. A host of anecdotes about well-known mathematicians humanize and provide new insights into their lofty subjects. Recalling such classic works as Lewis Carroll's Introduction to Logic and A Mathematician Reads the Newspaper by John Allen Paulos, Mathematical Elegance will energize and delight a wide audience, ranging from intellectually curious students to the enthusiastic general reader.

Upon publication, the first edition of the CRC Concise Encyclopedia of Mathematics received overwhelming accolades for its unparalleled scope, readability, and utility. It soon took its place among the top selling books in the history of Chapman & Hall/CRC, and its popularity continues unabated. Yet also unabated has been the d

The Gathering 4 Gardner is a biannual conference founded—and for many years organized—by Tom Rodgers to celebrate the spirit of Martin Gardner. While primarily concerned with recreational mathematics, most of Gardner's intellectual interests are featured, including magic, literature, philosophy, puzzles, art, and rationality. Gardner's writing inspired several generations of mathematicians by introducing us to the joy of discovery and exploration, and the Gathering's aim is to continue that tradition of inspiration. This volume, a tribute to Rodgers and Gardner, consists of papers originally presented at the Gathering 4 Gardner meetings. Recreational mathematics is strongly prominent with contributions from Neil Sloane, Richard Guy, Solomon Golomb, Barry Cipra, Erik Demaine, and many others. There are games and puzzles, including new Nim-like games, chess puzzles, coin weighings, coin flippings, and contributions that combine art and puzzles or magic and puzzles. Two historical articles present the stories of combinatorial game theory and the search for God's number for Rubik's Cube. Anyone who finds pleasure in clever and intriguing intellectual puzzles will find much to enjoy in Barrycades and Septoku.

The Smarandache function, say S, is a numerical function defined such that for every positive integer n, its image S(n) is the smallest positive integer whole factorial is divisible by n.