Population estimates indicate that by 2020 Willamette Basin's population will more than triple; thus, the need for water control and for water and related land resource development will greatly increase. Although much has been done, serious problems of control and conservation of water remain unsolved. Several major existing projects and project authorizations do not include specific provisions for the potential new primary project functions of fish and wildlife enhancement, water supply, water quality control, and recreation. Serious flooding on the larger streams and main stem has occurred as recently as 1964, while many smaller streams flood annually. There is substantial interest in additional irrigation development. There are a number of areas requiring drainage and erosion control. A need and an opportunity exist for enhancement of the extensive anadromous fish resource. Future municipal and industrial water supply needs will require additional storage. Serious water pollution problems exist and will continue even with high levels of treatment at the waste sources; thus, additional streamflow will be required for water quality control. The growing population will create an increased demand for recreational facilities. Present in-basin power development does not meet basin needs; however, power supply is based on optimum use of regional power resources whether within or outside the basin. Also, there may be a need for increased navigation development on Willamette River. In summary, the rapidly expanding population will bring the full range of water and related land resource problems and needs in increasing intensity.

The Navigation Appendix relies upon supporting data contained in the Study Area, Hydrology, and Economic Base Appendices. There has also been an interchange of pertinent information between this and other appendices, particularly Appendix K - Recreation, and Appendix M - Plan Formulation. The data in this appendix provide the background for the navigation aspects of the main report. Navigation has been a part of the history of Willamette Basin since the earliest days of exploration and settlement. As time passed, the use of waterways for transportation changed progressively, influenced by the ever-expanding population, improvements in vessels, changing import and export cargoes, and the expansion of land-based transportation. The sea route to Willamette Valley was discovered in 1792. Captain Robert Gray, an American sea captain in search of furs for the China trade, located the mouth of Columbia River, and in the same year, Lieutenant William R. Broughton, under command of Captain George Vancouver of the British Navy, explored Columbia River in a small boat up to Vancouver Point, a few miles above the mouth of the Willamette.

The purpose of this appendix is to appraise the present municipal and industrial water supply situation, to analyze its future needs and development potential, and to evaluate the needs of subareas as a basis for making recommendations for measures which will serve those needs. Consideration of municipal and industrial water supply as a part of a comprehensive plan for development and management of water and related land resources is essential to provide a means for orderly development of water supplies. The scope of this appendix limits projection of municipal and industrial water supply requirements to the years 1980, 2000, and 2020. Appraisal of the 1980 requirements includes consideration of quantity, quality, and seasonal variations of supply and demand. The need identified is of an immediate nature and may be directly related to the development of a comprehensive plan for readily foreseeable developments. The long-range plans, which are naturally more conjectural, are more general in nature and point toward the needs of major subareas of the basin. The study area is confined to the Willamette Basin; however, the strong geographical and economic interrelations and interactions between the Willamette Basin, the Pacific Northwest, and the Nation will influence the level of municipal and industrial water demand in the basin. As an example, increased market area population will result in an enlarged market for processed food. Additional food-processing capacity will result in an increased demand for process water and water for the additional population supported by the industrial employment.

This is a specialized study designed to serve as a guide to water and related land resources development planning. An expanding economy requires more resources or more intensive resource utilization. As demands for resources increase, the increase in their supply can often be attained only by developing more costly sources or by utilizing resources more intensively. In particular, future demand for water looms large. Assuring that demands for resources will be satisfied in the best manner requires comprehensive development plans. These plans should in turn be based on the character and growth of the basin's economy. The objective of the Economic Base Study is to provide the basis for determining the scale, sequence, and timing of water and related land resources development. These determinations are based on estimates of future economic activity within the basin and the characteristics and size of its population. In estimating the basin's future economic activity, regional, national, and foreign trade in goods and services are recognized. Exports of basin products enhance the economic growth of the basin. The economic parameters projected in this study may be used in determining the need for each of the resource planning objectives. Useful economic parameters include (1) population and its characteristics--age, sex, and per capita income--for estimates of visitor-day use in fish and wildlife, and recreation studies; (2) output of industries using large quantities of water and power, for estimates of municipal and industrial water and power requirements; and (3) changes in urban, industrial, and agricultural development.

The purpose of this appendix is to appraise the present irrigation development, outline the irrigation potential, and present recommendations for the orderly and efficient development of irrigation within the basin. These findings are used in formulation studies to develop the overall comprehensive plan for water and related land resources in the basin. This appendix is essentially single-purpose in scope. Projections of irrigation development are given for the years 1980, 2000, and 2020. Single-purpose means to achieve irrigation objectives are also given. These analyses are made on the assumption that there will be ample water for full irrigation development. The data presented are generally of a reconnaissance level to give a broad-scaled analysis of future requirements for development of irrigation in the basin. More detailed data are presented in those instances where the need identified is of more immediate nature and will warrant specific action within the readily foreseeable future. (Author).

This is prepared primarily for the use of the technical reviewer. It summarizes the basis for plan formulation, and presents the details and results as the culmination of a coordinated multiagency study of water and related land resource development. Part I sets forth the basic concept which guided plan formulation, and discusses goals and objectives consistent with that concept. Parts II and III provide a summary picture of the overall background or setting in which planning is done. Part II tells the reader, briefly and with a view to a general understanding of problems, needs, and potentials, what the basin is. Part III covers present and projected problems and needs and available potentials. All of the potential project functional fields now recognized by the Congress, environmental and social needs, and legal and institutional considerations are included. Part IV is devoted to the formulation of a plan. It covers plan formulation procedures in general, the overall sequence of actions developed to make best use of available data, and the specific formulation data and rationale used. Part V sets forth the elements of the overall plan; lists the early-action elements of the plan; describes effects and impacts of the early-action elements; summarizes unmet needs, after the early-action stage and for the total plan; and outlines alternatives and opportunities available beyond the plan as now defined. Part VI contains a summary discussion of the study, and the resulting conclusions and recommendations of the Task Force.