This is a specialized study designed to serve as a guide to water and related land resources development planning. An expanding economy requires more resources or more intensive resource utilization. As demands for resources increase, the increase in their supply can often be attained only by developing more costly sources or by utilizing resources more intensively. In particular, future demand for water looms large. Assuring that demands for resources will be satisfied in the best manner requires comprehensive development plans. These plans should in turn be based on the character and growth of the basin's economy. The objective of the Economic Base Study is to provide the basis for determining the scale, sequence, and timing of water and related land resources development. These determinations are based on estimates of future economic activity within the basin and the characteristics and size of its population. In estimating the basin's future economic activity, regional, national, and foreign trade in goods and services are recognized. Exports of basin products enhance the economic growth of the basin. The economic parameters projected in this study may be used in determining the need for each of the resource planning objectives. Useful economic parameters include (1) population and its characteristics--age, sex, and per capita income--for estimates of visitor-day use in fish and wildlife, and recreation studies; (2) output of industries using large quantities of water and power, for estimates of municipal and industrial water and power requirements; and (3) changes in urban, industrial, and agricultural development.

This appendix, together with Appendix B - Hydrology, and Appendix C - Economic Base, provides supporting data for the functional Appendices D through L. The general history and description of the basin, inventory of resources, and the broad relationship of those resources to use are discussed. The broad objectives of resource utilization and the pertinent physical, administrative, social, and legal aspects are contained in this appendix. The sequence of Appendices D through L reflects the alphabetical arrangement of potential project functions and consideration.

The Navigation Appendix relies upon supporting data contained in the Study Area, Hydrology, and Economic Base Appendices. There has also been an interchange of pertinent information between this and other appendices, particularly Appendix K - Recreation, and Appendix M - Plan Formulation. The data in this appendix provide the background for the navigation aspects of the main report. Navigation has been a part of the history of Willamette Basin since the earliest days of exploration and settlement. As time passed, the use of waterways for transportation changed progressively, influenced by the ever-expanding population, improvements in vessels, changing import and export cargoes, and the expansion of land-based transportation. The sea route to Willamette Valley was discovered in 1792. Captain Robert Gray, an American sea captain in search of furs for the China trade, located the mouth of Columbia River, and in the same year, Lieutenant William R. Broughton, under command of Captain George Vancouver of the British Navy, explored Columbia River in a small boat up to Vancouver Point, a few miles above the mouth of the Willamette.

The purpose of this appendix is to appraise the present municipal and industrial water supply situation, to analyze its future needs and development potential, and to evaluate the needs of subareas as a basis for making recommendations for measures which will serve those needs. Consideration of municipal and industrial water supply as a part of a comprehensive plan for development and management of water and related land resources is essential to provide a means for orderly development of water supplies. The scope of this appendix limits projection of municipal and industrial water supply requirements to the years 1980, 2000, and 2020. Appraisal of the 1980 requirements includes consideration of quantity, quality, and seasonal variations of supply and demand. The need identified is of an immediate nature and may be directly related to the development of a comprehensive plan for readily foreseeable developments. The long-range plans, which are naturally more conjectural, are more general in nature and point toward the needs of major subareas of the basin. The study area is confined to the Willamette Basin; however, the strong geographical and economic interrelations and interactions between the Willamette Basin, the Pacific Northwest, and the Nation will influence the level of municipal and industrial water demand in the basin. As an example, increased market area population will result in an enlarged market for processed food. Additional food-processing capacity will result in an increased demand for process water and water for the additional population supported by the industrial employment.

The Willamette Basin is one of the better watered regions of the United States. The average annual precipitation of 63 inches results in a volume of more than 40 million acre-feet of water falling on the basin annually. Of this amount, about 26 million acre-feet runs off in the principal streams that drain the area. Most of the precipitation and runoff occurs during a few months in the winter, and natural water supplies are deficient during the late summer and early fall. Because of the diverse terrain, both precipitation and runoff are distributed unevenly. For this reason, it has been necessary to construct facilities to store the surface water and to drill wells to tap the ground water. As the population and economy of the basin grow, many additional water developments will be needed. The purpose of the Willamette Basin Comprehensive Study is to develop information on future water and related resource needs and to prepare a plan for meeting those needs. This appendix contains a description of the water resources, their distribution, and their variation at different periods of time throughout the Willamette Basin. These resources are described in terms of the climatic, geologic, and other environmental factors that influence and control the occurrence of water. The appendix provides statistical and interpretive hydrologic data necessary for broad-scale water-resources planning. These data are essential to the development of plans for meeting the basin's water needs and solving its water problems. (Author).

This is prepared primarily for the use of the technical reviewer. It summarizes the basis for plan formulation, and presents the details and results as the culmination of a coordinated multiagency study of water and related land resource development. Part I sets forth the basic concept which guided plan formulation, and discusses goals and objectives consistent with that concept. Parts II and III provide a summary picture of the overall background or setting in which planning is done. Part II tells the reader, briefly and with a view to a general understanding of problems, needs, and potentials, what the basin is. Part III covers present and projected problems and needs and available potentials. All of the potential project functional fields now recognized by the Congress, environmental and social needs, and legal and institutional considerations are included. Part IV is devoted to the formulation of a plan. It covers plan formulation procedures in general, the overall sequence of actions developed to make best use of available data, and the specific formulation data and rationale used. Part V sets forth the elements of the overall plan; lists the early-action elements of the plan; describes effects and impacts of the early-action elements; summarizes unmet needs, after the early-action stage and for the total plan; and outlines alternatives and opportunities available beyond the plan as now defined. Part VI contains a summary discussion of the study, and the resulting conclusions and recommendations of the Task Force.

The purpose of this Appendix is to show the present power needs and existing generating capacity in the Willamette Basin, to determine future power needs, to identify potential projects in the basin which could be developed for power generation, and to evaluate potential projects as to their utility for power development. The power potentials within the basin are presented from a single-purpose viewpoint to determine the maximum extent to which the water resource could be developed for power generation. Power requirements, load characteristics, interconnections, and power-source potentials are projected to the years 1980, 2000, and 2020. These projections are the basis for planning long-range, comprehensive water resource development. The 1980 estimates provide the basis for development of a plan to meet early power needs of the basin. The longer-term appraisals are more conjectural and tentative.