The Philippines to the End of the Military Regime is a comprehensive history of the Philippines from the American occupation in 1898 until the end of the military regime in 1913. Charles Burke Elliott draws on a wide range of sources, including original documents and firsthand accounts, to provide a detailed and engaging narrative of this important period in Philippine history. This book is essential reading for anyone interested in American or Philippine history. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Excerpt from The Philippines to the End of the Commission Government: A Study in Tropical Democracy In the volume entitled The Philippines: To the End of the Military Regime, I endeavored to present the background of history against which the American treatment of the Philippines must be projected in order to be understood, to show the place which our Philippine policy holds in the history of colonization, and to state the principles upon which it rests and the reasons which actuated the American government in assuming the responsibility for the government of the Archipelago. The story of the American occupation was brought down to the inauguration of a civil governor on the fourth of July, 1901. The present volume contains an account of the origin, institution and nature of the Philippine government, the manner in which it has been administered, and a summary and analysis of what has been accomplished by the Americans and Filipinos during the past sixteen years. That a nation which maintains colonies is always on trial before the world is true in a peculiar sense of the United States because of the benevolent and altruistic motives which were declared to control her Philippine policy. The American people feel that the honor of their country is involved in the Philippine experiment, and it is of vital importance that they should know and understand what has been done in their remote dependency. In order properly to appreciate and value that work and judge of its permanency it must be remembered that the American occupation broke the continuity of Philippine history, introduced the Filipinos to new principles and ideals of life, and different conceptions of the essential legal and political rights of individuals. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from The Philippines to the End of the Military Regime: America Overseas Other matters of critical importance have engrossed the interest of the people of the United States in recent years to such a degree that we have been losing rather than gaining in our knowledge of affairs in the Philippine Islands. When the dramatic incidents of war had ceased to furnish material for striking news items and new issues had superseded the political and Anti-Imperialist controversies of our early occupation we ceased to hear or to think very much about what was going on in that distant part of the world. That is not strange in view of the preoccupation of our domestic politics, of Mexican affairs, and of the great war in the Old World; but it is a condition which ought not to continue. The question whether it was wise or unwise for the United States to take title to the Philippines and assume the burden of government there no longer calls for consideration. We did take the Philippines. We acquired the rights and undertook the duties of sovereignty. We declared a trust for the benefit of the people of the Islands. We are committed to the undertaking. Self-respect requires that we should discharge the obligations that we have assumed. We can not relieve ourselves from them except in one way, and that is by carrying our performance to such a point that our cestuis que trustent will be competent to take care of themselves. When that point is reached we can resign the trust with credit; but not until then. This is not a new view. It is the view with which we began. We took a position at the very outset removed as far as possible from the old ideas of colonial exploitation of which Java has been the most long continued and conspicuous illustration. We declared our adherence to the most advanced modem view of colonial relations - the view that the good of the colony is to be the primary consideration in all administration. We did what is rather a remarkable thing for any people to do. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."

This thesis explores the strategy followed by the American military government in overcoming Moro resistance in the Philippines from 1903-1913. A chapter is devoted to the period of each of the three Military Governors of Moro Province, Generals Leonard Wood, Tasker Bliss and John Pershing. The military governors primarily focused on first establishing a system of governance, followed by economic development and educational initiatives as a means of pacifying and controlling the Moros. Military operations were only intended to play a supporting role in the American strategy to pacify the Moros. However, security threats and violent opposition constantly hindered that strategy so that pacification and acquiescence to American rule could not be established. Ultimately, it was Pershing's decision to focus on security through his disarmament policy and the subsequent campaigns to enforce that policy that finally established conditions for the transition of governance to civilian control and end military government within the province. Though initially conceived of as a supporting effort to a broader whole of government approach, in the end military operations became the decisive means for ending Moro resistance to American authority. CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION * Background * Primary Research Question * Secondary Research Questions * Limitations * Literature Review * Primary Sources * Secondary Sources * CHAPTER 2 - THE LEONARD WOOD YEARS, 1903-1906 * Introduction * Government Organization * Legal System * Taxation * Education * Infrastructure * Economy * Security Operations * Constabulary Operations * Military Operations * Conclusion * CHAPTER 3 - THE TASKER BLISS YEARS, 1906-1909 * Introduction * Economy * Infrastructure * Education * Government * Security * Conclusion * CHAPTER 4 - THE JOHN J. PERSHING YEARS, 1909-1913 * Introduction * Education * Economy * Infrastructure * Government * Security * Conclusion * CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSION

In recent decades, several East Asian nations have undergone democratic transitions accompanied by changes in the balance of power between civilian elites and military leaders. These developments have not followed a single pattern: In Thailand, failure to institutionalize civilian control has contributed to the breakdown of democracy; civil-military relations and democracy in the Philippines are in prolonged crisis; and civilian control in Indonesia is yet to be institutionalized. At the same time, South Korea and Taiwan have established civilian supremacy and made great advances in consolidating democracy. These differences can be explained by the interplay of structural environment and civilian political entrepreneurship. In Taiwan, Korea, and Indonesia, strategic action, prioritization, and careful timing helped civilians make the best of their structural opportunities to overcome legacies of military involvement in politics. In Thailand, civilians overestimated their ability to control the military and provoked military intervention. In the Philippines, civilian governments forged a symbiotic relationship with military elites that allowed civilians to survive in office but also protected the military's institutional interests. These differences in the development of civil-military relations had serious repercussions on national security, political stability, and democratic consolidation, helping to explain why South Korea, Taiwan, and, to a lesser degree, Indonesia have experienced successful democratic transformation, while Thailand and the Philippines have failed to establish stable democratic systems.