This volume offers the first comprehensive description of English imperatives made from a Cognitive Linguistic perspective. It proposes a new way of explaining the meaning and function of the imperative independently of illocutionary act classifications, which allows for quantifying the strength of imperative force in terms of parameters and numerical values. Furthermore, the book applies the theory of Construction Grammar to account for the felicity of imperatives in complex sentences. The model of description explains explicitly a wide range of phenomena, including frequency of use, prototypical vs. non-prototypical uses of the English imperative and the choice between longer vs. shorter directives including the imperative. A Cognitive Linguistic Analysis of the English Imperative: With Special Reference to Japanese Imperatives is intended for both researchers and students interested in the English imperative and Directive Speech Acts at large and for the linguists working within the Cognitive Linguistics and/or Construction Grammar approach.

The bestselling workbook and grammar guide, revised and updated! Hailed as one of the best books around for teaching grammar, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation includes easy-to-understand rules, abundant examples, dozens of reproducible quizzes, and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar to middle and high schoolers, college students, ESL students, homeschoolers, and more. This concise, entertaining workbook makes learning English grammar and usage simple and fun. This updated 12th edition reflects the latest updates to English usage and grammar, and includes answers to all reproducible quizzes to facilitate self-assessment and learning. Clear and concise, with easy-to-follow explanations, offering "just the facts" on English grammar, punctuation, and usage Fully updated to reflect the latest rules, along with even more quizzes and pre- and post-tests to help teach grammar Ideal for students from seventh grade through adulthood in the US and abroad For anyone who wants to understand the major rules and subtle guidelines of English grammar and usage, The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation offers comprehensive, straightforward instruction.

What are “Imperative Sentences”? The word "imperative" is derived from the term "emperor". Imperative sentences are used to give commands (orders). Imperative sentences are also used to give instruction/advice/suggestions/warnings/invitations/appeals. Imperative sentences are also used to make a request. You should use ‘please’ (or another polite word) at the beginning or at the end of the sentence to make a request. An imperative sentence begins with the base (first) form of a verb which is also called a verb word. In an imperative sentence, the subject - ‘you’ - is understood. However, for the first and third-person imperative, the imperative sentence begins with ‘let’. You can end an imperative sentence with the period (.) or exclamation (!). Exclamation is used to show direct and firm command. ‘Imperative’ is one of the three moods of an English verb (indicative, imperative and subjunctive). EXAMPLES OF IMPERATIVE SENTENCES: (A). DIRECT ORDER Attend the meeting. Discharge your duty. Enforce the law. Quash the previous order. Return to work. Vacate this place. (B). INSTRUCTION Climb the stairs. Fill out this form. Go on foot. Hang a painting. Light a candle. Note this down. Open up the cage. Push a trolley. Spell it out. Tie your shoelaces. Unpack the luggage. (C). INFORMAL ADVICE Book a hotel room. Improve your appearance. Mend your ways. Walk elegantly. (D). SUGGESTION Follow your dreams Keep up your English. (E). WARNING Don’t Jump that gate! Watch out for a traffic signal! (F). INVITATION Come to the party with me. Have a meal with us. Let’s stay at my house. (G). APPEAL Be Silent. Let’s curb the menace of drug addiction. (H). REQUEST Give me five hundred dollars, please. Come soon, please. Other Uses of Imperative Sentences: 1. Wish -- Have a safe journey. 2. Apology -- Pardon me. 3. Permission -- Join us if you want. 4. Public Notice -- Imperatives are used on signboards or notice boards: Keep off the grass. Insert your ATM card. Pull the door. Push inside. Important Note -- An imperative sentence can imply different senses (command/instruction/advice, etc.) based on the intonation. [Note: ‘Intonation’ is defined as the rise and fall of the voice in speaking, as this affects the meaning of what is being said.] English Imperative Sentences -- A Abide by the commission’s verdict. Accept his decision. Achieve your target. Acknowledge the achievements of women. Acquire land for road infrastructure. Act quickly. / Act swiftly. Add details to this report. Address a press conference. Address his concerns regarding payments next week. Address their demands. Adhere to the standard operating procedure. Adjust the rules to help consumers. Adjust to a new location. Admire your parents. Adopt a good strategy in choosing the right candidates. Adopt a long-term vision for the industry. Adopt modern technology. Adopt a wait-and-watch policy. Aim it. Airlift the injured to the state capital for treatment. Allow her to explain herself completely without interrupting her. Allow him to return home. Alter the course of your life. Amend the act. Analyze the reasons for your defeat. Analyze the sample. Announce your candidacy. Answer the question. Anticipate rate hikes. Apologize if you hurt someone. Apply colors on his forehead. Apply for a job. Apply for marks verification. Apply for a passport. Appoint a manager. Appreciate compassionate behavior. Approach him for help. Approach the court. Approve the plan. Arrange everything before it is late. Arrange for cash to meet your expenses. Arrange funds from your relatives. Arrange funds on your own. Arrive early on the scene. Ask for a receipt. Ask for more information. Ask him his name. Ask him what had happened. Ask politely. Ask the right questions.

This volume contains ten articles exploring a wide range of issues in the analysis of the imperative clause from a generative perspective. The language data investigated in detail in the articles come from Dutch, English, German, (old) Scandinavian, Spanish, and South Slavic; there is further significant discussion of data from other Germanic and Romance languages. The phenomena addressed (in several cases in more than one article, leading to some lively debate about contentious issues) include the following: the nature and interpretation of imperative subjects; the properties of participial imperatives; clitic behavior; restrictions on topicalization; word order; null arguments; negative imperatives; and imperatives in embedded clauses. The volume has a substantial introduction, sketching the results of earlier generative work on the topic (most of it scattered across disparate outlets), the issues left open by this earlier work, and the contribution to further insight and understanding made by the book's articles.

First Published in 1998. This work is an unrevised version of my 1996 University of California, Santa Cruz Ph.D. dissertation. The only changes that have been made are corrections of typographical errors, minor rewording, updating of references, and the inclusion of an index. I would like to thank Rosemary Plapp and Kristi Long for help with proofreading and preparation of the manuscript.

The legendary Greek figure Orpheus was said to have possessed magical powers capable of moving all living and inanimate things through the sound of his lyre and voice. Over time, the Orphic theme has come to indicate the power of music to unsettle, subvert, and ultimately bring down oppressive realities in order to liberate the soul and expand human life without limits. The liberating effect of music has been a particularly important theme in twentieth-century African American literature. The nine original essays in Black Orpheus examines the Orphic theme in the fiction of such African American writers as Jean Toomer, Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, James Baldwin, Nathaniel Mackey, Sherley Anne Williams, Ann Petry, Ntozake Shange, Alice Walker, Gayl Jones, and Toni Morrison. The authors discussed in this volume depict music as a mystical, shamanistic, and spiritual power that can miraculously transform the realities of the soul and of the world. Here, the musician uses his or her music as a weapon to shield and protect his or her spirituality. Written by scholars of English, music, women's studies, American studies, cultural theory, and black and Africana studies, the essays in this interdisciplinary collection ultimately explore the thematic, linguistic structural presence of music in twentieth-century African American fiction.

“[60 Kinesthetic Grammar Activities contains] a wide range of practicable activities that, in the words of the authors, ‘connect language in our head to our arms and legs, eyes and ears.“ — Scott Thornbury, Author of How to Teach Grammar and Grammar Uncovered from the Foreword Language is more than words. But too often, we teach grammar as a set of boring rules, best practiced by filling out worksheets. 60 Kinesthetic Grammar Activities by Alice Savage and Colin Ward bursts this myth with a collection of activities that get students out of their seats and learning in a dynamic and active classroom. The benefits of kinetic language learning activities are many: teach gesture and nonverbal communication activate our embodied mind make grammar memorable change the dynamics of the classroom build community and raise students’ moods. This book contains everything you need to practice 60 common grammar points in a dynamic and active way! All the activities inside are all low-prep or no-prep, easy to adapt to your classroom, and flexible enough to work with a variety of target language features.

Essential grammar reference and practice for anyone using English in a business context. Grammar for Business is a must-have for intermediate business students and anyone using English in the workplace. It provides clear explanations and authentic practice of the most essential language used in business English. Designed to help you improve your communication skills in real business situations, it includes a unique focus on spoken as well as written grammar, and practical tips on areas such as organising presentations, negotiating and giving your opinion. Ideal for classroom use and self study.

This volume contains ten articles exploring a wide range of issues in the analysis of the imperative clause from a generative perspective. The language data investigated in detail in the articles come from Dutch, English, German, (old) Scandinavian, Spanish, and South Slavic; there is further significant discussion of data from other Germanic and Romance languages. The phenomena addressed (in several cases in more than one article, leading to some lively debate about contentious issues) include the following: the nature and interpretation of imperative subjects; the properties of participial imperatives; clitic behavior; restrictions on topicalization; word order; null arguments; negative imperatives; and imperatives in embedded clauses. The volume has a substantial introduction, sketching the results of earlier generative work on the topic (most of it scattered across disparate outlets), the issues left open by this earlier work, and the contribution to further insight and understanding made by the book's articles.