Iron and steel have played a leading role in the development of human civilization and their techniques. Together with its derivative, steel, iron has no real rival in its particular fields of application and has become a synonym of progress, being an essential element in mankind greatest technological achievements. It was at the origin of the industrial and scientific revolutions and at the heart of all the great discoveries which have marked the history of humanity from the manufacture of high quality swords in ancient times to today architectural wonders. Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight, depending on the grade. Carbon is the most common alloying material for iron, but various other alloying elements are used, such as manganese, chromium, vanadium, and tungsten. Rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through a pair of rolls. Rolling is classified according to the temperature of the metal rolled. Steelmaking is the second step in producing steel from iron ore. Processing of steel results in special steel product with required properties, for example; vacuum treated steel for forging ingots; pre strengthened stress relieved elongated steel, metallurgical addition product, forging powder alloy steels, etc. Fasteners are used to join and hold two or more pieces of metal either temporarily or more pieces of metal either temporarily or permanently. Some of the most common are bolts, screws, nuts, rivets and pins. Packaging steels differ from other sheet products particularly in terms of their thickness, mechanical properties and coatings, together with their aptitude to satisfy specific industrial and marketing requirements related to high production rates, design factors etc. Small gage welded tubes have an extremely wide range of applications, including metallic roof frames, mechanical construction in public work and industrial engineering sector, agricultural machinery, fluid distribution circuits, piston, etc. India is among the top producers of all forms of steel in the world. Easy availability of low cost manpower and presence of abundant reserves make India competitive in the global setup. The steel industry in India has witnessed an increase in demand due to expanding oil and gas sector, huge spending on infrastructural facilities coupled with growth in housing, consumer durables and auto sectors. This book basically deals with structural changes in steel during hot rolling, structural changes during reheating, kinds of grain restoration process, dynamic restoration process, static restoration process, effect of initial grain, size of static re crystallization, effects of temperature and micro alloying, fundamental principles of the metal rolling process, preparing and heating the initial materials, preparations for rolling heating before rolling operations, bolt and nut manufacturing technology, casting of steel for flat products etc. The present book covers different important aspects of steel processing with the casting method of steel for flat products, rolling of rails, wheels and rings, rolling of different steel products, production of fasteners, welded pipes, steel products for the building trade and many more. The book is very useful for everybody who wants the thorough study on steel and steel products or wants to diversify in to this field. 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For courses in managerial economics, this textbook, now in its third edition, is specifically designed for the students of management, commerce and economics to provide them with a thorough understanding of economic concepts and methodologies and the economic environment influencing managerial decisions. The book first lays a sound theoretical foundation of basic concepts, defi-nitions, and methodologies of economics, being an essential prerequisite for students to understand the theory of managerial economics. All the basic principles are introduced with mathematical complexity kept to minimum—essentials of applied mathematics needed for comprehending the under-lying ideas of models and theories of economics are covered. The book then moves on to systematically enumerates the various tools of analysis such as demand analysis, cost analysis, elasticity of demand, production analysis and price theory, and highlights their importance in managerial decision making through the concept-example format, wherein a concept discussed is immediately followed by a practical situation so that the reader can understand its application. The end-of-chapter questions reinforce a deeper understanding of the concepts introduced in the text. An exclusive chapter on linear programming emphasizes the importance of this mathematical tool in finding optimal business solutions. The book concludes with an exhaustive introduction to macroeconomics, analyzing in depth the concepts of inflation, income, savings and investments, and growth and employment in Indian context. New to the Third Edition Revised and expanded coverage of evolution of economic thought, and basic economic terms. An enriched inclusion of demand forecasting techniques, and the Cobb-Douglas production function. An extensive illustration of the commonly used pricing methods and market power. Value addition to the existing list of case studies to enhance students’ understanding of the theoretical concepts.

Description of the Product: • 100 % Updated as per latest syllabus issued by CBSE • Extensive Theory with Concept wise Revision Notes, Mind Maps and Mnemonics • Visual Learning Aids with theoretical concepts and concept videos • NEP Compliance – with inclusion of CFPQ & Learning Framework • • questions issued by CBSE • Valuable Exam Insights – with all NCERT Textbooks questions & important NCERT Exemplar questions with solutions • Exam Readiness – with Previous Years’ Questions & SQP Questions and Board Marking Scheme Answers • On Point Practice – with Self-Assessment Questions & Practice Papers

Lubricating oils are specially formulated oils that reduce friction between moving parts and help maintain mechanical parts. Lubricating oil is a thick fatty oil used to make the parts of a machine move smoothly. The lubricants market is growing due to the growing automotive industry, increased consumer awareness and government regulations regarding lubricants. Lubricants are used in vehicles to reduce friction, which leads to a longer lifespan and reduced wear and tear on the vehicles. The growth of lubricants usage in the automotive industry is mainly due to an increasing demand for heavy duty vehicles and light passenger vehicles, and an increase in the average lifespan of the vehicles. As saving conventional resources and cutting emissions and energy have become central environmental matters, the lubricants are progressively attracting more consumer awareness. Greases are made by using oil (typically mineral oil) and mixing it with thickeners (such as lithium-based soaps). They may also contain additional lubricating particles, such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, aka Teflon). White grease is made from inedible hog fat and has a low content of free fatty acids. Yellow grease is made from darker parts of the hog and may include parts used to make white grease. Brown grease contains beef and mutton fats as well as hog fats. Synthetic grease may consist of synthetic oils containing standard soaps or may be a mixture of synthetic thickeners, or bases, in petroleum oils. Silicones are greases in which both the base and the oil are synthetic. Asia-Pacific represents the largest and the fastest growing market, with volume sales projected to grow at a CAGR of 5% over the analysis period. Automotive lubricants represents the largest product market, with engine oils generating a major chunk of the revenues. The market for industrial lubricants is supported by the huge demand for industrial engine oils and growing consumption of process oils. The major content of the book are Food and Technical Grade White Oils and Highly Refined Paraffins, Base Oils from Petroleum, Formulation of Automotive Lubricants, Lubricating Grease, Aviation Lubricants, Formulation and Structure of Lubricating Greases, Marine Lubricants, Industrial Lubricants, Refining of Petroleum, Lubricating Oils, Greases and Solid Lubricants, Refinery Products, Crude Distillation and Photographs of Machinery with Suppliers Contact Details. This book will be a mile stone for its readers who are new to this sector, will also find useful for professionals, entrepreneurs, those studying and researching in this important area. TAGS Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing, Production of Lubricants, Lube Oil Processing, Lubricating Oil Blending Plant and Production, How Lubricating Oil is made? 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