A lucid statement of the philosophy of modular programming can be found in a 1970 textbook on the design of system programs by Gouthier and Pont [1, l Cfl0. 23], which we quote below: A well-defined segmentation of the project effort ensures system modularity. Each task fonos a separate, distinct program module. At implementation time each module and its inputs and outputs are well-defined, there is no confusion in the intended interface with other system modules. At checkout time the in tegrity of the module is tested independently; there are few sche duling problems in synchronizing the completion of several tasks before checkout can begin. Finally, the system is maintained in modular fashion; system errors and deficiencies can be traced to specific system modules, thus limiting the scope of detailed error searching. Usually nothing is said about the criteria to be used in dividing the system into modules. This paper will discuss that issue and, by means of examples, suggest some criteria which can be used in decomposing a system into modules. A Brief Status Report The major advancement in the area of modular programming has been the development of coding techniques and assemblers which (1) allow one modu1e to be written with little knowledge of the code in another module, and (2) alJow modules to be reas sembled and replaced without reassembly of the whole system.

This book is intended to provide an introduction to, and an overview of, the computer industry - or the "Computer Age" - as well as the key people who created the computerised world we live in... without too many technical details. The idea is to offer a snapshot of the industry at this point in time and find out how it got where it is today, highlighting its most notable inventions and innovations and the pioneering people who are responsible for them. It is not really meant to be an exhaustive record of anything, although it does feature some lists.

First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Smarter Than Their Machines: Oral Histories of the Pioneers of Interactive Computing is based on oral histories archived at the Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota. Included are the oral histories of some key pioneers of the computer industry selected by John that led to interactive computing, such as Richard Bloch, Gene Amdahl, Herbert W. Robinson, Sam Wyly, J.C.R. Licklider, Ivan Sutherland, Larry Roberts, Robert Kahn, Marvin Minsky, Michael Dertouzos, and Joseph Traub, as well as his own. John has woven them together via introductions that is, in essence, a personal walk down the computer industry road. John had the unique advantage of having been part of, or witness to, much of the history contained in these oral histories beginning as a co-op student at Arthur D. Little, Inc., in the 1950’s. Eventually, he would become a pioneer in his own right by creating the computer industry's first successful software products company (Cullinane Corporation). However, an added benefit of reading these oral histories is that they contain important messages for our leaders of today, at all levels, including that government, industry, and academia can accomplish great things when working together in an effective way. This is how the computer industry was created, which then led to the Internet, both totally unanticipated just 75 years ago.

It is hard to imagine a world without computers. The people found in this book are largely responsible for creating the high-tech world in which we live today. These computer geniuses include early programmers like Grace Hopper and Herman Hollerith, computer chip inventors like Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce, and business people like Steve Jobs and Bill Gates. Readers take a look at thirteen individuals whose work has helped bring modern computers to their current level. Other people profiled in this volume are John von Neumann, John W. Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, Jr., An Wang, Stephen Wozniak, Marc Hannah and Marc Andreessen.

InfoWorld is targeted to Senior IT professionals. Content is segmented into Channels and Topic Centers. InfoWorld also celebrates people, companies, and projects.

Examines the company Nintendo and the people who took it from a card company to a leader in the video gaming world.

These authors' contributions helped bring to national, state, and federal agencies the powerful new suite of geospatial tools for issues ranging from land use management to population enumeration."--BOOK JACKET.

Regarding the controversial and thought-provoking assessments in this handbook, many software professionals might disagree with the authors, but all will embrace the debate. Glass identifies many of the key problems hampering success in this field. Each fact is supported by insightful discussion and detailed references.