A survey of building techniques & architecture from the 3rd century B.C. through the fifth century A.D., this volume explores how the Greeks of the classical period & later the Romans created a complex & innovative built environment.

This book examines the application of drawing in the design process of classical architecture, exploring how the tools and techniques of drawing developed for architecture subsequently shaped theories of vision and representations of the universe in science and philosophy. Building on recent scholarship that examines and reconstructs the design process of classical architecture, John R. Senseney focuses on technical drawing in the building trade as a model for the expression of visual order, showing that the techniques of ancient Greek drawing actively determined concepts about the world. He argues that the uniquely Greek innovations of graphic construction determined principles that shaped the massing, special qualities and refinements of buildings and the manner in which order itself was envisioned.

This handbook explores key aspects of art and architecture in ancient Greece and Rome. Drawing on the perspectives of scholars of various generations, nationalities, and backgrounds, it discusses Greek and Roman ideas about art and architecture, as expressed in both texts and images, along with the production of art and architecture in the Greek and Roman world.

This book provides an account of the main developments in Greek, Etruscan and Roman architecture.

A Companion to Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Greece and Rome brings a fresh perspective to the study of these disciplines in the ancient world, with 60 chapters examining these topics from a variety of critical and technical perspectives. Brings a fresh perspective to the study of science, technology, and medicine in the ancient world, with 60 chapters examining these topics from a variety of critical and technical perspectives Begins coverage in 600 BCE and includes sections on the later Roman Empire and beyond, featuring discussion of the transmission and reception of these ideas into the Renaissance Investigates key disciplines, concepts, and movements in ancient science, technology, and medicine within the historical, cultural, and philosophical contexts of Greek and Roman society Organizes its content in two halves: the first focuses on mathematical and natural sciences; the second focuses on cultural applications and interdisciplinary themes 2 Volumes

Preface p. 6 1 Mesopotamia and Egypt p. 9 Mesopotamia p. 9 Egypt p. 13 2 The Classical Foundation: Greek, Hellenistic, Roman p. 19 The Bronze Age Heritage p. 19 The Hellenistic Background p. 41 The Rise of Rome p. 57 3 Early Christian and Byzantine p. 89 4 Carolingian and Romanesque p. 107 5 The Gothic Experiment p. 149 France p. 150 England p. 168 Germany and Central Europe, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Portugal p. 185 Town Planning p. 207 6 Renaissance Harmony p. 211 The Birth of the Renaissance p. 211 High Renaissance p. 223 The Renaissance Outside Italy p. 251 Town Planning p. 279 7 Baroque Expansion p. 283 Italy p. 283 Baroque Outside Italy p. 314 Town Planning p. 362 8 Eighteenth-Century Classicism p. 369 The Impact of Rome p. 369 The Rise of Neo-Classicism in France p. 391 The Classical Tradition Elsewhere in Europe p. 410 The Rise of Classicism in the USA p. 424 Town Planning p. 434 9 The Nineteenth Century p. 439 France p. 439 Britain p. 459 Germany, Austria and Italy p. 477 Scandinavia, Russia and Greece p. 497 Belgium and Holland p. 509 USA p. 512 Town Planning p. 530 10 Art Nouveau p. 537 Belgium and France p. 537 Scotland and England p. 543 Germany, Austria and Italy p. 546 Spain p. 556 11 The Twentieth Century p. 565 USA Up to 1939 p. 565 Europe Up to 1939 p. 582 Modernism After 1945 p. 648 Post-Modernism p. 660 Town Planning p. 668 Architecture for the Millennium p. 670 Glossary p. 685 Further Reading p. 688 Acknowledgements p. 693 Index p. 694.

This book provides a comprehensive account of mosaics in the ancient world from the early pebble mosaics of Greece to the pavements of Christian churches in the East. Separate chapters in Part I cover the principal regions of the Roman Empire in turn, in order to bring out the distinctive characteristics of their mosaic workshops. Questions of technique and production, of the role of mosaics in architecture, and of their social functions and implications are treated in Part II. The book discusses both well-known works and recent finds, and balances consideration of exceptional masterpieces against standard workshop production. Two main lines of approach are followed throughout: first, the role of mosaics as a significant art form, which over an unbroken span illuminates the evolution of pictorial style better than any comparable surviving medium; and secondly, their character as works of artisan production closely linked to their architectural context.

During most of the history of architecture, architects had to be artists, engineers, and scholars. This three-volume series of books is about what architects needed to know to create the most important buildings in Western Architecture from 600 B. C.-A. D. 1943. This first volume is about Greek and Roman architecture and the architectural traditions that diverged from the Classic Tradition. The second volume is about the revival of classic architecture during the Renaissance. The third volume is about academic architecture since the Renaissance. Greek architecture was the first type that continued to be influential indefinitely and beyond the limits of its civilization. Most of the subsequent architecture of Europe was influenced by Greek architecture, but indirectly through Roman architecture. Rome owed a great debt to many aspects of Greek civilization including language, philosophy, and history as well as architecture and art. Roman art was essentially Greek art, but Roman architecture eventually became fundamentally different in the materials that were used and in its approach to design. The Greeks created the classical Orders and used them to plan and design the exterior of their buildings; the Roman developed the arch and concrete, which enabled spans and spaces of unprecedented size to be created. Greek architecture was more sculptural in its emphasis on exterior form and finish, and Roman architecture was more like engineering in its emphasis on spans and interior space. In general, Greek architecture was designed from the outside in, and Roman architecture from the inside out, but Greek design elements continued to embellish both the interiors and exteriors of Roman buildings. More specifically, the first volume of this series is about the development of Greek architecture, the influence of Greece on Rome, and the early influence of Rome on other architectural traditions outside the Roman Empire. The second volume is about the revival of Roman architecture and secular thought. The third volume is about the revival of all styles of architecture, their scholarly study by archaeologists and architects, and an increasingly eclectic used of design elements within the framework of the design principles of Classic Architecture. The classic tradition in architecture has determined the overall appearance of most buildings worldwide, and it has done so through the use of a versatile architectural vocabulary, a flexible set of rules, changing building types. Regardless of style, most buildings continue to be characterized by regularly proportioned and spaced design elements that were established through the use of the classical orders. This series of books discusses how a consistently high standard of excellence was achieved in design and construction over a period of 2,500 years. It includes the following periods of architecture: Greek, Roman, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, Greek Revival, Italianate, and Beaux Arts. Regardless of the style chosen, architects were in agreement about what constituted excellence. This book considers what all periods and styles have in common and what is most distinctive about each period, style, and major example. The primary emphasis is on how buildings were designed and constructed. Design processes, materials, and methods of construction are considered in detail. Everything an architect had to consider is discussed for each period and each building type. Every type of knowledge required to create buildings is considered. The ideas of the most influential architects are summarized, particularly those that were widely influential through the publications of Vitruvius, Palladio, Adam, Ledoux, and Schinkel.

Traditional studies of Roman art have sought to identify an indigenous style distinct from Greek art and in the process have neglected the large body of Roman work that creatively recycled Greek artworks. Now available in paperback, this fresh reassessment offers instead a cultural history of the functions of the visual arts, the messages that these images carried, and the values that they affirmed in late Republican Rome and the Empire. The analysis begins at the point at which the characteristic features of Roman art started to emerge, when the Romans were exposed to Hellenistic culture through their conquest of Greek lands in the third century B.C. As a result, the values and social and political structure of Roman society changed, as did the functions and character of the images it generated. This volume, presented in very clear and accessible language, offers new and fascinating insights into the evolution of the forms and meanings of Roman art. "Zanker, one of the foremost ancient Roman art historians, has produced an excellent general study of Roman art and its reception. . . . This book would be ideal for students at all levels interested in Roman art, history, and culture."—Choice