Reports findings of a December 1973 Jerusalem Symposium assessing the trauma among the world's Jews (and non-Jews) during and following the October war.

Anwar Sadat's life was shaped by Egypt's national struggle and the conflict between the Arab world and Israel. This biography charts his progress from fanatical nationalist to President of Egypt, and from world statesman to tragic hero, who gave his life in the cause of peace.

Political biography of the President of the Arab Republic of Egypt Anwar Sadat, b. 1918.

The 1978 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Anwar Sadat, president of Egypt, and Menachem Begin, prime minister of Israel, for their contributions to the Camp David Accords. This work describes each laureate's rise to power and the challenges they faced on the road to becoming modern peacemakers.

As Sun Tzu said, "What is of supreme importance in war is to attack the enemy's strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. The next best is to attack his armies. The worst policy is to attack cities. Attack cities only when there is no alternative." While it is unknown whether Egyptian President Anwar el-Sadat or his advisors read Sun Tzu, the national security policy that Sadat adopted leading up to the 1973 Yom Kippur War with Israel (or Ramadan War as it is called by the Arabs) clearly followed this prescription. As the following discussion will show, Sadat, after carefully considering what he felt were Egypt's national interests territorial and psychological security, economic prosperity, and the survival of the regime developed a comprehensive strategy that attempted to make use of all of the instruments of power at his disposal to advance those interests. Faced with significant political, economic and military constraints on his actions, President Sadat first attempted to work with the tools of diplomacy. After the failure of diplomacy alone to resolve the stalemate between Israel and Egypt, he determined that military action was required to achieve perceived national interests through diplomacy. In his mind, he knew that there would be no resolution of the impasse that he felt was strangling his country and his regime, without war. An analysis of his military means, however, also led to the inescapable conclusion that he could not achieve a total military victory (i.e. recapturing all lost territory and destruction of Israeli military). Thus, he adopted a strategy of using military action to achieve a political solution for Egypt. Sadat fought a war not to acquire all territory via war, but to gain limited territory and increased political clout to allow him the freedom to create a viable peace following the war. It was a war with limited military objectives fought to lay the basis for restored Egyptian national well being in its aftermath.

"Assessment of Anwar Sadat and the 1973 War, as well as the event's global implications"--