Neuromodulation, targeting either the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system, is a viable therapy for many diseases, particularly for patients who are refractory to traditional treatments. The first part of this thesis aims to develop the non-invasive neuromodulation technique targeting the central nervous system, specifically the brain with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Compared to the conventional tDCS which uses two large pad electrodes, high-density tDCS has recently received more attention. With the high-density electrode system, it is able to achieve better stimulation performance in terms of stimulation intensity and focality. To further improve the performance of this promising technique, we characterize the performance with respect to the electrode factor for the high-density tDCS system. In addition, we have developed an optimization algorithm, Stimulation with Balanced Focality and Intensity (SBFI), to guide the high-density system, which provides effective and focal stimulation. The robustness of the computational model with standard tissue conductivity is also evaluated. The proposed technique can be applied to transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS). The second part aims to develop the electrical modulation technique targeting the peripheral nervous system, specifically one of the second brain organs - colon. Electrical stimulation has been demonstrated as an alternative approach to alleviate intractable colonic motor disorders. However, knowledge of optimal electrical stimulation modalities and regional specific functional effects of colonic neuromodulation is lacking. We have investigated the regional colonic motility in response to different electrical stimulation modalities. In addition, we have developed a novel and efficient technique employing bio-impedance characterization to monitor colonic motor activity.

Neural engineering is a discipline that uses engineering techniques to understand, repair, replace, enhance, or treat diseases of neural systems. Currently, no book other than this one covers this broad range of topics within motor rehabilitation technology. With a focus on cutting edge technology, it describes state-of-the-art methods within this field, from brain-computer interfaces to spinal and cortical plasticity. Touching on electrode design, signal processing, the neurophysiology of movement, robotics, and much more, this innovative volume collects the latest information for a wide range of readers working in biomedical engineering.

Rhythmic Stimulation Procedures in Neuromodulation offers a unique approach to rhythm-related stimulation as it pertains to modulating neural functioning, with the goal of alleviating symptoms of mental disorder. Rhythm and related concepts (frequency, resonance, entrainment) are thought by many to be closely linked to human health and disease. Neurologists and clinical psychologists facilitate neuroplasticity by using pulsed (rhythmic) sensory or electromagnetic stimulation—a group of techniques broadly referred to as neuromodulation. This edited volume describes details of rhythm-related neuromodulation techniques, and experts in the field have detailed the pros and cons of each approach, citing both clinical and scientific support. Each technique chapter provides a detailed description of the procedure, a rationale for application with specific populations, discussion of similarities/differences relative to other approaches, and support for efficacy. This volume offers readers a historical overview of the roles of rhythm and dysrhythmia in health and disease, including examples of past and present therapeutic uses of rhythmic stimulation, entrainment, and/or modification. It also facilitates speculation about potential developments in rhythm-related methods for the future of mental health. Few books published in the general area of rhythm have focused on the scientific study of the significance of biological rhythms. Discusses features of the generally unknown early history of using rhythmic stimulation procedures in treating various disorders Provides an overview of the extent to which rhythmic stimulation of various types are basic to the majority of alternative and complementary medicine fields Provides details of several of today’s more commonly used stimulation techniques for neuromodulation, discussing the theoretical foundations and limitations of each, and providing clinical and scientific research evidence for their treatment efficacy in specific applications Discusses current directions in which stimulation techniques are moving and speculates on the promise they hold for major changes in mental health care

With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

This is a uniquely comprehensive reference that summarizes the state of the art of signal processing theory and techniques for solving emerging problems in neuroscience, and which clearly presents new theory, algorithms, software and hardware tools that are specifically tailored to the nature of the neurobiological environment. It gives a broad overview of the basic principles, theories and methods in statistical signal processing for basic and applied neuroscience problems.Written by experts in the field, the book is an ideal reference for researchers working in the field of neural engineering, neural interface, computational neuroscience, neuroinformatics, neuropsychology and neural physiology. By giving a broad overview of the basic principles, theories and methods, it is also an ideal introduction to statistical signal processing in neuroscience. - A comprehensive overview of the specific problems in neuroscience that require application of existing and development of new theory, techniques, and technology by the signal processing community - Contains state-of-the-art signal processing, information theory, and machine learning algorithms and techniques for neuroscience research - Presents quantitative and information-driven science that has been, or can be, applied to basic and translational neuroscience problems

- Offers expert guidance on functional neurosurgery and neuromodulation, lists of requirements, and the instruments needed to perform these procedures. - Answers practical questions such as "What do I need when performing a thermal procedure?", "What do I need to bear in mind when assembling a device?", and "What do I need to remember with regards to voltages, electrodes, percutaneous leads, RF generators, imaging, and micro instruments?" - Consolidates today's available information and guidance in this timely area into one convenient resource. Functional Neurosurgery and Neuromodulation provides comprehensive coverage of this emerging, minimally invasive area of health care. Recent advances in these areas have proven effective for pain relief, memory loss, addiction, and much more. This practical resource by Drs. Kim J. Burchiel and Ahmed Raslan brings you up to date with what's new in the field and how it can benefit your patients.

Neuromodulation will be the first comprehensive and in-depth reference textbook covering all aspects of the rapidly growing field of neuromodulation. This book provides a complete discussion of the fundamental principles of neuromodulation and therapies applied to the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, autonomic nerves and various organs. The textbook is highly structured and organized into overarching sections that cover chronic pain, movement disorders, psychiatric disorders, epilepsy, functional electrical stimulation, cardiac, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and organ neuromodulation. The fundamental principles of electricity and infusion, neural tissue interface, biomedical engineering, neuromodulation devices, basic science, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, imaging and mechanisms are emphasized. In addition to providing details pertaining to the state-of-the-art current practice, innovative and emerging applications are discussed in specific chapters. Finally, the textbook provides specific chapters focusing on the technical aspects of the various neuromodulation procedures as well as technical specifications of various implantable devices. All of the contributors to Neuromodulation represent leading experts in the field. The editors are internationally renowned in their respective fields of neuromodulation, pain management, functional neurosurgery and biomedical engineering. Neuromodulation will be the first and foremost authoritative text on neuromodulation therapies and will establish the gold standard that defines the field for years to come.Key Features - The first comprehensive reference on the emerging field of Neuromodulation - Editors and authors include all leading figures in the field, and the leaders of the International Neuromodulation Society - Over 90 chapters on topics ranging from a layout of the fundamentals (e.g. neuroanatomy, plasticity, bioelectrical effects, infusion therapies), solutions for the biomedical engineering challenges (e.g. materials, how to preserve normal function etc.), to a rundown of the existing applications and their future promise - Over 1200 pages in splendid full color, richly illustrated - Important areas of application include: control of chronic pain delivery of drugs to the nervous system via implanted devices control of epilepsy, Parkinson, etc. functional restoration, e.g. visual, auditory, restoration after stroke, restoration of motor function after traumatic events stimulation of body organs via neural devices (incl. the heart, abdominal organs, genitourinary organs) overview over newly emerging fields - control of obesity, blood pressure, tinnitus, brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, brain-machine interfaces

Neural Engineering, 2nd Edition, contains reviews and discussions of contemporary and relevant topics by leading investigators in the field. It is intended to serve as a textbook at the graduate and advanced undergraduate level in a bioengineering curriculum. This principles and applications approach to neural engineering is essential reading for all academics, biomedical engineers, neuroscientists, neurophysiologists, and industry professionals wishing to take advantage of the latest and greatest in this emerging field.

This book shows how to develop efficient quantitative methods to characterize neural data and extra information that reveals underlying dynamics and neurophysiological mechanisms. Written by active experts in the field, it contains an exchange of innovative ideas among researchers at both computational and experimental ends, as well as those at the interface. Authors discuss research challenges and new directions in emerging areas with two goals in mind: to collect recent advances in statistics, signal processing, modeling, and control methods in neuroscience; and to welcome and foster innovative or cross-disciplinary ideas along this line of research and discuss important research issues in neural data analysis. Making use of both tutorial and review materials, this book is written for neural, electrical, and biomedical engineers; computational neuroscientists; statisticians; computer scientists; and clinical engineers.

Edited by an expert multidisciplinary team, Neuromodulation in Psychiatry is the first reference guide to address both invasive and non-invasive neuromodulation strategies used in psychiatry. Covers basic principles, technical aspects, clinical applications and ethical considerations Presents up-to-date evidence in comprehensive summaries suitable for all levels of experience Each technique is clearly explained along with its implications for real-world clinical practice Allows psychiatrists to make informed decisions regarding neuromodulation for their patients