Population estimates indicate that by 2020 Willamette Basin's population will more than triple; thus, the need for water control and for water and related land resource development will greatly increase. Although much has been done, serious problems of control and conservation of water remain unsolved. Several major existing projects and project authorizations do not include specific provisions for the potential new primary project functions of fish and wildlife enhancement, water supply, water quality control, and recreation. Serious flooding on the larger streams and main stem has occurred as recently as 1964, while many smaller streams flood annually. There is substantial interest in additional irrigation development. There are a number of areas requiring drainage and erosion control. A need and an opportunity exist for enhancement of the extensive anadromous fish resource. Future municipal and industrial water supply needs will require additional storage. Serious water pollution problems exist and will continue even with high levels of treatment at the waste sources; thus, additional streamflow will be required for water quality control. The growing population will create an increased demand for recreational facilities. Present in-basin power development does not meet basin needs; however, power supply is based on optimum use of regional power resources whether within or outside the basin. Also, there may be a need for increased navigation development on Willamette River. In summary, the rapidly expanding population will bring the full range of water and related land resource problems and needs in increasing intensity.