Experts in the field of minimally invasive surgery have come together to provide the most up-to-date clinical review of the topic. The Guest Editors have created an issue with comprehensive coverage of relevant topics in the field, with articles devoted to the following: Fetal Surgery; Robotics; NOTES; Minimally Invasive PDA Ligation; CDH/Eventration Esophageal Atresia/TEF; Thoracic lesions: Congenital Lung Lesions; Hepato-Biliary surgery Fundoplication/g-tube; Hernia; Hirschsprung's Disease; Imperforate Anus; and Minimally Invasive Urology. Readers will come away with the clinical infomration they need to help inform them as they utilize the most current technologies and minimally invasive techniques in the neonatal patient.

The Guest Editors have assembled a list of topics that provide state-of-the-art coverage on fetal surgery. Topics covered include fetal cardiac intervention, abdominal wall defects, NEC, esophageal atresia, and spinia bifida. Some articles provide the clinical basics, like general concepts of fetal surgery, while others provide a detailed look at CDH in utero, CDH post natal, ECMO/placenta, stem cell, and anorectal malformations.

The Guest Editors have collaborated on a state-of-the-art presentation of current clinical reviews on Quality in Neonatal Care. Top experts have prepared articles in the following areas: Standardizing Practices: How and why to standardize, using checklists, measuring variation; Health Informatics and Patient Safety; Using Statistical Process Control to Drive Improvement in Neonatal Care; Improving Value in Neonatal Intensive Care; Culture and Context in Quality of Care: Improving Teamwork and Resilience; Has Quality Improvement Improved Neonatal Outcomes; National Quality Measures in Perinatal Care; Perinatal and Obstetric Quality Initiatives; Family Involvement in Quality Improvement; Perinatal Quality Improvement: A Global Perspective; Delivery Room Care / Golden Hour; Respiratory Care and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Reducing Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis; Alarm Safety and Alarm Fatigue; and Patient Safety: Reducing Unplanned Extubations. Readers will come away with the clinical information they need improve quality in the NICU.

In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest editors KuoJen Tsao and Hanmin Lee bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery. - Provides in-depth reviews on the latest updates in Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

This issue is a must-read for perinatologists and neonatologists who need current advances in treastment and interventions to improve the viability of the neonate. The Guest Editors have put together a concise monograph on the topic, offering the most current clinica review articles on the following topics: Antenatal corticosteroids: Who should we be treating?; Quality improvement strategies to improve care of women in preterm labor; Delivery at term: when, how, and why?; Detection and prevention of perinatal infection; Current strategies to prevent perinatal HIV transmission; Advances in fetal monitoring and association with outcomes; Relationship between perinatal interventions, the maternal-infant microbiome and neonatal outcomes; Understanding outcomes and counseling families at a periviable gestational age; Therapeutic hypothermia - how can we optimize this therapy to further improve outcomes; Reducing CPAP failure in extremely preterm infants; Optimizing caffeine therapy in preterm infants; Improving uptake of key perinatal interventions using state-wide quality collaboratives; Oxygen therapy in the delivery room: What is the right dose?; and Perinatal white matter injury: prevention and long-term outcomes. Readers will leave with the best evidence they need to improve outcomes.

Dr. Mimouni and Dr. Koletzko have assembled some of the world's leaders on breast milk for preterm infants to provide a current overview of the benefits and barriers. Authors address the following topics: Preterm human milk macronutrient composition; Bed-side human milk analysis in the NICU; Human milk fortification; DHA supplements; Potential benefits of bioactive proteins in human milk for preterm infants; New insights into variations of metabolite and hormone contents in human milk; Immune properties of human milk in relation to preterm infant feeding; Human milk oligosaccharides; Treatment and quality of banked human milk; Use of donor milk: collection, storage and safety; Postnatal CMV infection through human milk in preterm infants: Transmission, clinical presentation, and prevention; NEC and human milk feeding; Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed human milk; Evidence-based methods that promote human milk feeding of preterm infants; and Human flavor learning: the breastfeeding experience. Lactiation consultants, NICU nurses, and neonatologists will find these clinical review articles to be very valuable.

This issue of Clinics in Perinatology will carry the reader through the perinatal period and examine pain management throughout that continuum. Beginning with the genetics of obstetrical pain and opioid use in pregnancy, the discussion moves to the provision of anesthesia to the mother and fetus during fetal surgery - an area of intense concern and interest in many centers. There is an extensive discussion of both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic management of pain during delivery. A discussion of regional anesthetic techniques is increasingly relevant in light of increasing evidence of adverse neurodevelopmental consequences of fetal exposure to general anesthetics and sedatives. Pain, its implications and management, are extensively covered including discussions of how to assess neonatal pain and how best to provide sedation and non-pharmacologic pain management, systemic pharmacologic, or regional techniques. Of particular interest are the reviews of the potential neurodevelopmental impact of both the treatment and the failure to adequately treat pain in the newborn. This topic is receiving an enormous amount of attention from all those who care for children as well as government and the media.

There is general consensus regarding threshold levels that describe the gray zone on the limits of viability, and gestational age alone should not be used solely in making a decision. This issue will bring light to the latest thoughts and clinical recommendations for delivery during the periviable period. Top thought leaders and clinicians have submitted articles in the following areas: Consequences of Birth at Periviable Gestions on Organ Systems; Medical and Surgical Interventions Before Birth; NICU Care: Nutrition/NEC; Pulmonary Care and Circulatory Support; NICU Stay and Microbiome; and Ethical Considerations and Counseling, to name a few. Readers will come away with the most current content written on this topic and details that can be incorporated into clinical care.

Dr. Muir and Dr. Rose are key opinion leaders in the area of endocrinology, and they have created a state-of-the-art issue for neonatologists. The clinical reviews will prepare perinatologists and neonatologists for the challenges in clinical endocrinology that arise in fetuses and newborns. More specifically, authors will provide updates on the biological basis of disorders in order to illustrate the rationale for diagnostic approaches and current therapies and to provide readers with a basis to consider and evaluate new clinical offerings. Articles on the following topics are included in the issue: Congenital hypothyroidism; Thyroid function in the NICU; Neonatal thyrotoxicosis; Neonatal diabetes; Hypersinsulinism; Hypopituitarism; Glucocorticoid use in the NICU/ neonatal adrenal function; Adrenal insufficiency, CAH, Prenatal treatment of CAH; Neonatal Cushing Disease/Congenital endocrine tumors; Early ID of Turner Syndrome/Preserving fertility; and Bone mineral/ Calcium disorders in the neonate.

In this issue of Clinics in Perinatology, guest editor Robert M. Kliegman brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Current Controversies in Neonatology. - Provides in-depth reviews on the latest Current Controversies in Neonatology. - Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.