Laxton's gives you access to the most reliable and current data. All 250,000 price elements have been individually checked and updated for the 2002 edition so that your estimates are always accurate and cost competitive. Laxton's makes analytical estimating simple and straightforward by displaying a complete breakdown for all measured items under 10 separate headings, all on a single page. This shows you a complete price build-up at a glance - and gives you the option to make price adjustments wherever necessary. You can find the sections you need quickly and easily, via the special marker system on the front cover and page edges. The free CD with this price book contains Masterbill's ESTIMATOR software and fully resourced data on all the price elements in Laxtons. Not only does the CD offer fast and efficient pricing at the touch of a button, it gives details of all the resources required to do the job. Laxton's approximate estimating section gives all in pricing for quick reference on the cost of composite items such as floors helping you calculate the cost implications of using plywood sheeting rather than softwood boarding, for example. Laxton's Basic Price section gives you a quick price on hundreds of items - from concrete work to roofing materials - to save you going through hundreds of lists from suppliers, manufacturers and building merchants. Laxton's Brand and Trade Names section lists over 12,000 brands and trade names and company addresses to help you locate specific items. Latest wage rates, fees and allowances All 250,000 price elements checked and updated

Now in its 179th edition, Laxton’s has become a firm favourite in the UK Building Industry. With more prices and more in-depth build-ups, Laxton’s offers more practical and complete information than any other price book available This new edition takes into account major price variations that stem frm raw material costs in the last few months. * Higher-fuel costs have impacted on prices across the board, in particular costs of non-ferrous metals in increased * Copper sheet and pipe show prince increases of well above 50% in the last year, while zinc, lead and aluminium prices have also risen significantly * There are savings in plaster and drainage goods, prices are down All the prices in Laxton's are based on the new 3 year Construction Industry Joint council wage rate agreement that came into force at the end of June 2006 *Saving you time - comprehensive basic price and approximate estimating sections make putting together outline costings quicker and easier *Saving you effort - all the information you need on each measured item is clearly set out on a single page, with a full break down of costs *Saving you money - all 250,000 prices are individually checked and updated to make sure that your tender costs are precise

This monograph investigates the temporal interpretation of narrative discourse in two parts. The theme of the first part is narrative progression. It begins with a case study of the adverb ‘now’ and its interaction with the meaning of tense. The case study motivates an ontological distinction between events, states and times and proposes that ‘now’ seeks a prominent state that holds throughout the time described by the tense. Building on prior research, prominence is shown to be influenced by principles of discourse coherence and two coherence principles, NARRATION and RESULT, are given a formally explicit characterization. The key innovation is a new method for testing the definitional adequacy of NARRATION and RESULT, namely by an abductive argument. This contribution opens a new way of thinking about how eventive and stative descriptions contribute to the perceived narrative progression in a discourse. The theme of the second part of the monograph is the semantics and pragmatics of tense. A key innovation is that the present and past tenses are treated as scalar alternatives, a view that is motivated by adopting a particular hypothesis concerning stative predication. The proposed analysis accounts for tense in both matrix clauses and in complements of propositional attitudes, where the notorious double access reading arises. This reading is explored as part of a corpus study that provides a glimpse of how tense semantics interacts with Gricean principles and at-issueness. Several cross-linguistic predictions of the analysis are considered, including their consequences for the Sequence of Tense phenomenon and the Upper Limit Constraint. Finally, a hypothesis is provided about how tense meanings compose with temporal adverbs and verb phrases. Two influential analysis of viewpoint aspect are then compared in light of the hypothesis. The monograph is directed at graduate students and researchers in semantics, pragmatics and philosophy of language. The analysis of narrative discourse that is developed in the monograph synthesizes and builds on prior collaborative research with Corien Bary, Valentine Hacquard, Thomas Roberts, Roger Schwarzschild, Una Stojnić, Károly Varasdi and Aaron White. Daniel Altshuler is an Assistant Professor of Linguistics at the School of Cognitive Science, Hampshire College and an Adjunct Professor of Linguistics at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Cost management of all building projects has become increasingly important as clients in the public and private sector demand the highest quality cost planning services with accurate budgeting and cost control. All members of the design team must integrate their activities to ensure that a high quality project is delivered on time and within budget. This book considers building cost planning and cost control from the client and the design team's perspective, where all decisions whether concerned with design, cost, quality, time, value or sustainability are taken as being interrelated. The latest Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work and the New Rules of Measurement for Early Stage Estimating and Cost Planning issued by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) have been incorporated into this new text. The book follows the building design cost planning process from the crucial inception stages and then through all the design stages to the completion of the technical design, contract documentation and the tender. It provides a template for good cost planning practice. An essential addition to this third edition is the introduction of integrated design and documentation processes captured in building Information modelling (BIM), on-line cost databases and computerised methods of cost planning. The integrated approaches are explained and provide vital information and knowledge for practitioners involved in building projects. All stakeholders involved in development and design and client teams in public and private sector policy making and implementation need to understand the new approaches to design management processes and how cost planning and design approaches are adapting to using the new technology in practice. The interactive style, using in-text and review questions makes this ideal for students and practitioners alike in property, architecture, construction economics, construction management, real estate, engineering, facilities management and project management.

The job of the estimator is explained in detail at every key stage, from early cost studies, through the preparation of the estimate, to the creation of budgets for successful tenders. Each step is illustrated with examples and notes, and appropriate technical documentation. Over recent years there have been significant developments in construction management, notably new procurement methods, greater emphasis on innovation and partnering, a greater reliance on cost planning as a methodology, and new developments in both industry and governmental reports and guidance. This new and updated edition of a well-established textbook addresses each of these developments in turn, placing them firmly in the context of a thorough and easy to understand introduction to the roles of the estimator in preparing and winning tenders.

While the construction process still requires traditional skills, the dynamic nature of construction demands of its managers improved understanding of modern business, production and contractual practices. This well established, core undergraduate textbook reflects current best practice in the management of construction projects, with particular emphasis given to supply chains and networks, value and risk management, BIM, ICT, project arrangements, corporate social responsibility, training, health and welfare and environmental sustainability. The overall themes for the Eighth Edition Modern Construction Management are: Drivers for efficiency: lean construction underpinning production management and off-site production methods. Sustainability: reflecting the transition to a low carbon economy. Corporate Social Responsibility: embracing health & safety and employment issues. Modern contractual systems driving effective procurement Building Information Modelling directed towards the improvement of collaboration in construction management systems

Introduction; Feasibility; Principles of Building Conversion; Adaptive fuses; Lateral extensions; Vertical extensions; Structural alterations; Principles of refurbishment; Further aspects of refurbishment; Sustainable adaptation; Implementation; Appendices.

21 papers focus on modelling the costs of construction over the course of 2,500 years, from Bronze Age Greece to the early Middle Ages. They discuss both broader issues of methodology and particular case studies, with particular attention to the exploitation of raw materials (e.g. quarries), transport, and construction processes on building sites.