This report presents a cost analysis of Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) production from isophorone and urea. The process examined is a typical non-phosgene technology. In this process, isophorone diamine (IPDA) is initially obtained from isophorone. Then, IPDA reacts with urea and butanol generating a carbamate intermediate. Then, the carbamate is thermally cracked producing IPDI. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Keywords: Isophorone Diisocyanate, IPDI, Isophorone Diamine, IPDA, Non-Phosgene, Urea-Based Process

This report presents a cost analysis of Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) production from isophorone and chlorine. The process examined is a typical phosgenation process. In this process, isophorone diamine (IPDA) intermediate is initially obtained from isophorone. Then, IPDA reacts with phosgene to produce IPDI. The phosgene used is generated from chlorine and carbon monoxide in an on-site unit. Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 9187412 B2, issued to Evonik Degussa in 2015 (2) US Patent 8884063 B2, issued to BASF SE in 2014 (3) US Patent 8563768, issued to Covestro (fromer Bayer MaterialScience) in 2013 Keywords: Isophorone Diisocyanate, IPDI, Isophorone Diamine, IPDA, Phosgenation

This 5-volume set allows you to assess the health and environmental effects of chemicals by determining the routes of exposure of the chemical to sensitive organisms. Environmental Fate and Exposure of Organic Chemicals provides relevant facts on how individual chemicals behave in the environment and how humans and environmental organisms are exposed to the chemicals during their production, rise, transport, and disposal. Each chemical is prepared by one of the best-known organizations in environmental fate and exposure and is peer-reviewed by a panel of expert scientists. The information on each chemical includes all experimental values and references for physical properties, all chemical fate studies, and all available monitoring data and interpretative summaries.

Contains information about 80 hazardous substances, including what each substance is, how exposure may occur and possible health effects, and medical tests available to determine exposure.

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Water (OW) initiated the Health Advisory Program in 1978 to provide information and guidance to individuals or agencies concerned with potential risk from drinking water contaminants for which no national regulations currently exist. Since that time, more than 130 Health Advisories (HAs) have been published in final form for inorganic, organic, and microbial contaminants. The HAs in this volume were developed in a cooperative effort with the Office of Research and Development. They summarize available data concerning the occurrence, pharmacokinetics, and health effects of 12 specific contaminants or mixtures. Each HA also discusses available analytical methods and treatment techniques for the contaminant. Each HA has undergone critical internal review by the OW Toxicology Review Panel and EPA program offices. Health Advisories for Drinking Water Contaminants will be an important reference document for all public health officials, drinking water professionals, and academic libraries.