Fraud has been a persistent threat to the integrity of the federal procurement system, especially for the American military, since the days of the American Revolution. Recent reports of corrupt contractors and corrupted government officials clearly show that the problem remains unabated. This is a study of the history of procurement fraud, with a particular focus on the defense industry, an analysis of various systemic failures in the government s corruption control legal regime, and a series of proposals to strengthen the government s ability to combat it. About the author: Michael J. Davidson enlisted in the U.S. Army in 1977. He graduated from West Point in 1982 and served as both an artillery officer and as an Army lawyer before retiring as a Lieutenant Colonel in 2002. He is currently a lawyer with the federal government. After obtaining his law degree from the College of William and Mary, he obtained a master s degree in military law from the Army s Judge Advocate General s School, a second master s degree in government procurement law from George Washington University, and a Doctor of Judicial Science from George Washington University. As a lawyer, he has experience with procurement fraud in the criminal, civil, administrative and contractual contexts. He lives in Fairfax, Virginia with his wife, Nancy, and their three daughters."

Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators.

Hepatitis B and C cause most cases of hepatitis in the United States and the world. The two diseases account for about a million deaths a year and 78 percent of world's hepatocellular carcinoma and more than half of all fatal cirrhosis. In 2013 viral hepatitis, of which hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the most common types, surpassed HIV and AIDS to become the seventh leading cause of death worldwide. The world now has the tools to prevent hepatitis B and cure hepatitis C. Perfect vaccination could eradicate HBV, but it would take two generations at least. In the meantime, there is no cure for the millions of people already infected. Conversely, there is no vaccine for HCV, but new direct-acting antivirals can cure 95 percent of chronic infections, though these drugs are unlikely to reach all chronically-infected people anytime soon. This report, the second of two, builds off the conclusions of the first report and outlines a strategy for hepatitis reduction over time and specific actions to achieve them.