This book presents a case study on lexical error analysis in the translation products of Arab English majors at the university level with important implications for Arabic-speaking countries. It provides detailed analyses and explanations of the main lexical areas that cause specific difficulties for these students, while also identifying their potential sources. The respective chapters discuss several areas related to the context of the research, the field of SLA, error analysis, language transfer, error taxonomies, language learning, language teaching, and translation training. The analyses and findings presented here contribute to the linguistic field by developing a comprehensive list of lexical error categories based on form, content, and origin of influence regarding translation products. In addition, the book sheds light on the pedagogical aspects contributing to the enhancement of ESL/EFL teaching in the Arab context as well as other contexts where English is taught as a foreign language. The book will help educators and curriculum writers in designing materials, and language researchers as a groundwork for their studies of L2 learners’ written products.

Exploring the Cognitive Processes of Simultaneous Interpreting: English — Arabic — English Dynamics approaches English-Arabic-English simultaneous interpreting from a cognitive-cum-linguistic vantage point. Amr M. El-Zawawy focuses on how media interpreters, especially on TV, cognitively address the source texts in the process of translating them in real time. The corpora used — simultaneous interpretations of televised political speeches — and the rigorous methodology applied attest to the variety and depth of the analyses carried out, and the examples given attest to the linguistic and cognitive processes that interpreters perform in order to communicate meaning. This book will be an invaluable asset to any student and researcher of translation, particularly of simultaneous interpreting. The book also provides significant insights into the underexplored questions of the difficulties of simultaneously translating Arabic, a language spoken by around 420 million people today.

First of all the author wants to make it crystal clear that the present work is of a great benefit both for the English and Arab learners of the target language either Arabic or English. This edition of the book pinpoints previous researchers' findings regarding English and Arabic phonological, morphological and syntactic similarities and differences and how all these differences result in mistakes and errors by the Arab learners of English in their learning process. These mistakes or errors are unconsciously or involuntarily made by Arab learners of English due to the differences between the system and sub-systems of the two languages. The present attempt is the result of my realization as an English language teacher as to how a teacher can minimize students difficulties in learning of English and maximize their knowledge, skills and competency of English as a foreign or second language. This is the first edition. The work is pedagogically oriented and primarily intended to make teaching-learning of English as a foreign/second language a bit easy especially for the first-year university students of English language in the Arab world: (Gulf area such as KSA, UAE, Kuwait, and the Middle East Area, such as Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and so on). The focus is on phonetic and morpho-syntactic variations in Arabic and English languages. This area of research becomes more interesting through the assumptions – (i) information about the differences and similarities between Arabic and English language is to be supplied at an early stage since this facilitates the students learning task, (ii) the differences are to be presented in pedagogically suitable format, (iii) it is useful to separate and present phonetics, morphological and syntactic categories as they function in suitable contexts and not merely abstract notions, (iv) before students may tackle contrastive analysis, they should have basic knowledge of Arabic and English languages similarities and differences and (v) pre-modification and post-modification of lexical and syntactic structures are to be explained appropriately.

A rare contribution to global translation as a ‘cross-cultural-open-concept’, Arabic Translation Across Discourses provides explorations of Arabic translation as an instance of transcultural and translingual encounters (transculguaging). This book examines the application and interrogation of discourses of translation in the translation of discourses (religion, literature, media, politics, technology, community, audiovisual, and automated systems of communication for translation). The contributors provide insights into the concerns and debates of Arabic translation as a tradition with local, yet global dimensions of translation and intercultural studies. This volume will be of great interest to students and researchers of all translation studies, but will also provide a rich source for those studying and researching history, geopolitics, intercultural studies, globalization, and allied disciplines.

This title is a comprehensive and practical 20-week course in translation method offering a challenging approach to the acquisition of translation skills.

This Handbook offers a comprehensive grounding in key issues of corpus-informed translation studies, while showcasing the diverse range of topics, applications, and developments of corpus linguistics. In recent decades there has been a proliferation of scholarly activity that applies corpus linguistics in diverse ways to translation studies (TS). The relative ease of availability of corpora and text analysis programs has made corpora an increasingly accessible and useful tool for practising translators and for scholars and students of translation studies. This Handbook first provides an overview of the discipline and presents detailed chapters on specific areas, such as the design and analysis of multilingual corpora; corpus analysis of the language of translated texts; the use of corpora to analyse literary translation; corpora and critical translation studies; and the application of corpora in specific fields, such as bilingual lexicography, machine translation, and cognitive translation studies. Addressing a range of core thematic areas in translation studies, the volume also covers the role corpora play in translator education and in aspects of the study of minority and endangered languages. The authors set the stage for the exploration of the intersection between corpus linguistics and translation studies, anticipating continued growth and refinement in the field. This volume provides an essential orientation for translators and TS scholars, teachers, and students who are interested in learning the applications of corpus linguistics to the practice and study of translation.

Machine Translation (MT) has become widely used throughout the world as a medium of communication between those who live in different countries and speak different languages. However, translation between distant languages constitutes a challenge for machines. Therefore, translation evaluation is poised to play a significant role in the process of designing and developing effective MT systems. This book evaluates three prominent MT systems, including Google Translate, Microsoft Translator, and Sakhr, each of which provides translation between English and Arabic. In the book Almahasees scrutinizes the capacity of the three systems in dealing with translation between English and Arabic in a large corpus taken from various domains, including the United Nation (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), the Arab League, Petra News Agency reports, and two literary texts: The Old Man and the Sea and The Prophet. The evaluation covers holistic analysis to assess the output of the three systems in terms of Translation Automation User Society (TAUS) adequacy and fluency scales. The text also looks at error analysis to evaluate the systems’ output in terms of orthography, lexis, grammar, and semantics at the entire-text level and in terms of lexis, grammar, and semantics at the collocation level. The research findings contained within this volume provide important feedback about the capabilities of the three MT systems with respect to EnglishArabic translation and paves the way for further research on such an important topic. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of translation studies and translation technology.

Due to a dearth of academic references in the area of English-Arabic audiovisual translation (AVT), this book represents a unique resource, in that it explores dubbing and subtitling into Arabic, a topic hardly discussed among academics both in the Arab world and worldwide. The book starts with some linguistic and audiovisual background, and lays new foundations for a discussion about the similarities between the translation of drama texts and AVT. It then moves on to highlight some grammatical, syntactic, semantic and functional challenges faced in subtitling with examples from various recent audiovisual material, as deictics, exophora, idiomatic language, register, negation, duality and plurality, and subject-predicate agreement in the target subtitled text. The book’s originality is manifest in its investigation of the obstacles encountered by new anonymous subtitlers by providing evidence in the form of genuine samples of their work. The book concludes with some original subtitling quality assessment reports, and presents effective strategies of subtitling.

Phonetic transcription is a key element in many kinds of written works, not least linguistics books, dictionaries, language-teaching texts and bilingual reference works. This book is the first book-length scholarly monograph to address all of the important aspects of phonetic transcription.The aim of phonetic transcription is to represent the sounds of speech on paper. This book reviews contemporary uses of phonetic transcription in dictionaries, language teaching texts, phonetic and phonological studies, dialectology and sociolinguistics, speech pathology and therapy, and forensic phonetics. Heselwood surveys the history of attempts to represent speech, considering the relationship of transcription to written language. The book also includes a thorough analysis of the many different kinds of phonetic transcription - broad, narrow, auditory, systematic, segmental, suprasegmental, parametric and others - addressing what exactly is represented in different kinds and levels of transcription.Different ways in which transcription can be used alongside modern instrumental records of speech are illustrated with the claim that transcription embodies a kind of knowledge about speech unavailable to instruments - knowledge gained from the experience of listening to it in a phonetically informed manner. The author grounds this claim in the philosophy of phenomenalism, countering arguments against auditory transcription that have been advanced by experimental phoneticians for reasons of empirical inadequacy, and by linguistic rationalists who say it is irrelevant for understanding the supposedly innate categories that are said to underlie speech. A glossary of terms is included, along with a series of examples to demonstrate the comparison, classification and interpretation of phonetic transcriptions for different purposes.

This book challenges entrenched literary views that promote the impracticality of linguistic, stylistic and functional approaches to the analysis and translation of irony. It considers these scientific fields of enquiry as the building blocks on which ironic devices in English and Arabic are grounded, and according to which the appropriateness of the methods of translation in the literature is assessed in a quest to pin down an interactive model for the interpretation and translation of irony. The book ventures into contrastive linguistic and stylistic analyses of irony in Arabic and English from literary, linguistic and discourse perspectives. It sheds light on the interpretation and the linguistic realisation of irony in Arabic and English through an interdisciplinary approach, and, consequently, identifies similarities and discrepancies in the form and function of ironic devices between these languages. As such, it will appeal to professional translators, instructors and students of translation, as well as language learners, language teachers and researchers in cross-cultural and inter-pragmatic disciplines.