This book presents theoretical treatments on various electronic and atomic processes in non-metallic materials from a unified point of view. It starts with the basic properties of semiconductors, treating the system as a macroscopic association of electrons and ions. In their ground state, fruitful results are derived, such as the band theory for electrons in a periodic lattice and a useful concept of “hole.” The electron–lattice interaction is then introduced as a dynamical response of condensed matter when it is electronically excited. With the aid of proper configuration coordinate diagrams, various phenomena are precisely examined, including carrier scattering, polaron formation, lattice relaxation, Stokes shift and phonon side band in optical spectrum, intrinsic and extrinsic self-trapping, and structural changes. The book provides readers a deep understanding of the physics underlying these phenomena and excellent insight to develop their further research. Graduate students who have finished the basic study on solid-state physics and quantum mechanics and research scientists and engineers in materials science and engineering will benefit immensely from it.

Materials and Reliability Handbook for Semiconductor Optical and Electron Devices provides comprehensive coverage of reliability procedures and approaches for electron and photonic devices. These include lasers and high speed electronics used in cell phones, satellites, data transmission systems and displays. Lifetime predictions for compound semiconductor devices are notoriously inaccurate due to the absence of standard protocols. Manufacturers have relied on extrapolation back to room temperature of accelerated testing at elevated temperature. This technique fails for scaled, high current density devices. Device failure is driven by electric field or current mechanisms or low activation energy processes that are masked by other mechanisms at high temperature. The Handbook addresses reliability engineering for III-V devices, including materials and electrical characterization, reliability testing, and electronic characterization. These are used to develop new simulation technologies for device operation and reliability, which allow accurate prediction of reliability as well as the design specifically for improved reliability. The Handbook emphasizes physical mechanisms rather than an electrical definition of reliability. Accelerated aging is useful only if the failure mechanism is known. The Handbook also focuses on voltage and current acceleration stress mechanisms.

Throughout their college career, most engineering students have done problems and studies that are basically situated in the classical world. Some may have taken quantum mechanics as their chosen field of study. This book moves beyond the basics to highlight the full quantum mechanical nature of the transport of carriers through nanoelectronic structures. The book is unique in that addresses quantum transport only in the materials that are of interest to microelectronics—semiconductors, with their variable densities and effective masses. The author develops Green’s functions starting from equilibrium Green’s functions and going through modern time-dependent approaches to non-equilibrium Green’s functions, introduces relativistic bands for graphene and topological insulators and discusses the quantum transport changes that these bands induce, and discusses applications such as weak localization and phase breaking processes, resonant tunneling diodes, single-electron tunneling, and entanglement. Furthermore, he also explains modern ensemble Monte Carlo approaches to simulation of various approaches to quantum transport and the hydrodynamic approaches to quantum transport. All in all, the book describes all approaches to quantum transport in semiconductors, thus becoming an essential textbook for advanced graduate students in electrical engineering or physics.

Just over 25 years ago the first laser-excited Raman spectrum of any crystal was obtained. In November 1964, Hobden and Russell reported the Raman spectrum of GaP and later, in June 1965, Russell published the Si spectrum. Then, in July 1965, the forerunner of a series of meetings on light scattering in solids was held in Paris. Laser Raman spectroscopy of semiconductors was at the forefront in new developments at this meeting. Similar meetings were held in 1968 (New York), 1971 (Paris) and 1975 (Campinas). Since then, and apart from the multidisciplinary biennial International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy there has been no special forum for experts in light scattering spectroscopy of semiconductors to meet and discuss latest developments. Meanwhile, technological advances in semiconductor growth have given rise to a veritable renaissance in the field of semiconductor physics. Light scattering spectroscopy has played a crucial role in the advancement of this field, providing valuable information about the electronic, vibrational and structural properties both of the host materials, and of heterogeneous composite structures. On entering a new decade, one in which technological advances in lithography promise to open even broader horirons for semiconductor physics, it seemed to us to be an ideal time to reflect on the achievements of the past decade, to be brought up to date on the current state-of-the-art, and to catch some glimpses of where the field might be headed in the 1990s.

A comprehensive overview of functional nanosystems based on organic and polymeric materials and their impact on current and future research and technology in the highly interdisciplinary field of materials science. As such, this handbook covers synthesis and fabrication methods, as well as properties and characterization of supramolecular architectures. Much of the contents are devoted to existing and emerging applications, such as organic solar cells, transistors, diodes, nanowires and molecular switches. The result is an indispensable resource for materials scientists, organic chemists, molecular physicists and electrochemists looking for a reliable reference on this hot topic.

An international team of experts describes the optical and electronic properties of semiconductors and semiconductor nanostructures at picosecond and femtosecond time scales. The contributions cover the latest research on a wide range of topics. In particular they include novel experimental techniques for studying and characterizing nanostructure materials. The contributions are written in a tutorial way so that not only researchers in the field but also researchers and graduate students outside the field can benefit.

From basic principles of luminescence to innovative technical applications, Phosphor Handbook will serve as the definitive resource on phosphors. Considering all the major changes in the field of phosphors, the editors have produced the most current and comprehensive reference available today. Contributed by noted worldwide scientists and engineers, the handbook serves a ready audience among researchers in the field of luminescence. This book completely describes: powder phosphors, including information on solid state laser materials and organic EL properties and technical applications of phosphors, including the principal classes of phosphors, procedures to synthesize and manufacture these phosphors, manner of deployment, and materials that emit light under various kinds of excitation current developments of phosphor materials required in advanced display technologies, such as UV Plasma Display and Field Emission Display (FED) experimental techniques characterizing materials in their initial and final forms Other provisos include: tutorials of fundamental physical and chemical properties of phosphor materials descriptions of optical properties of phosphor materials profiles on methods of synthesis and manufacture of all practical phosphors analysis of experimental procedures for the optical characterization of raw phosphors and the creation of display devices or lamps specification of physical and optical requirements for all applications of phosphors in lighting and display technologies Japanese industry has and will continue to play a key role in developing these applications, and many contributors to this volume acted as principals in the progress discussed. Display technologies will increase in importance, and no cohesive or comprehensive treatise exists - from basic to applied - on the nature, properties, synthesis, characterization, manufacture, and handling of phosphor materials in lighting and display technologies and applications. This exceptional handbook rectifies this deficiency, serving as the defining resource for all those engaged in research or in the application of phosphor materials - regardless of whether they are newcomers or veterans in this endeavor.

Solid State Physics

This is the fourth volume in a series exploring progess in photothermal and photoacoustic science and technology. The book focuses on semiconductors and electronic materials.