Accompanied by CD of examples performed by Ritwik Sanyal; CDs

Dhrupad is believed to be the oldest style of classical vocal music performed today in North India. This detailed study of the genre considers the relationship between the oral tradition, its transmission from generation to generation, and its re-creation in performance. There is an overview of the historical development of the dhrupad tradition and its performance style from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, and of the musical lineages that carried it forward into the twentieth century, followed by analyses of performance techniques, processes and styles. The authors examine the relationship between the structures provided by tradition and their realization by the performer to throw light on the nature of tradition and creativity in Indian music; and the book ends with an account of the ‘revival’ movement of the late twentieth century that re-established the genre in new contexts. Augmented with an analytical transcription of a complete dhrupad performance, this is the first book-length study of an Indian vocal genre to be co-authored by an Indian practitioner and a Western musicologist.

A Study Of Hindustani Music In Its Sociological Perspective. Covers Guru-Shishya Parampara, The Social Status Of Musician Community-History Of Hindustani Music Etc. Has 6 Chapters Followed By Conclusion.

In this dissertation, I examine notions of tradition and fidelity to tradition in Indian classical music by investigating the development of musical judgment, categorical knowledge and aesthetic sense in the performance of Dhrupad - a genre of Hindustani music with medieval origins. Focusing on two contemporary performers of Dhrupad with very different histories of listening and practice, I show that categorical knowledge and strong notions of fidelity to tradition arise directly from the deeply dialogic and inter-subjective processes through which individual musicians develop and stabilize coherent aesthetic response to handed-down musical materials in situated practice. Specifically, I argue that strong notions of tradition and fidelity to tradition in Indian classical music are irreducible to a discussion of the disciplinary technologies of colonialism and cultural nationalism. Rather, I propose that tradition in Indian classical music has to be understood in dialogic relationship with intelligibility and individual musical judgment. I develop an analytical framework to investigate the interactive basis of musical judgment and categorical sense in Dhrupad performance. I understand forms of knowledge produced in performance to be acoustemic: epistemologies produced through active sensing in and through sound. I investigate how formal structures of knowledge in a classical music system become available as human sensibility, affect and soma-aesthetic knowledge in the interactivity of musical environments - an intertwining engendered in part by the affordance of musico-aesthetic forms in Indian classical music. I show that musical objects develop both heterogeneity and ontological weight in the interactivity of Dhrupad vocal performance, rendering performance practice within traditional lineages systematic and heterogeneous, coherent and diverse. Based on this analysis I argue that heterogeneity and diversity are not antithetical to the existence of a Great Tradition of Indian classical music but a part of its sonic logic as a domain of creative human activity. In positing that the categories, codes, classifications and ontologies of the most hoary of genres in Indian classical music are constitutive of and constituted by the situated practice of classical music in particular communities, this dissertation stakes a claim to the intellectual history of traditions in postcolonial contexts.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Religious Experience in the Hindu Tradition that was published in Religions

Dhrupad is one of the earliest and most dominant streams that has contributed to Hindustani classical music. According to Faiyazuddin Dagar (1934-1989), " In the two parts of the dhrupad, the alap [the improvised section of a raga, forming a prologue to the formal expression] is sung in free rhythm over drone, and the pada [word or phrase that signifies the concept of a raga] is more a rhythmic poem accompanied by drumming over the two-headed pakhawaj [the standard percussion instrument used in dhrupad]. It is a devotional and spiritual type of music - and though the basic style has not changed right from the earlier times 15 centuries ago individuality does come in and find its place." The book traces the history of the illustrious Dagar family through 20 generations of dhrupad singers and highlights their distinctive approach to this unique form of music. Rare photographs make the book all the more special. Contents: What is Dhrupad?; Generations of Performers; Conversing with the Dagar Brothers; Death of a Legend; Passage of Time; Carrying on the Legacy; Wasifuddin Dagar Writes...; The Dagar Disciples.

‘A song, so old and yet still famous’ is a Malay expression of admiration for an exotic singing style, a musical contemplation on the beauty of nature, God, and love. The ghazal exists in manifold cultures all over Asia, Africa, and Southern Europe, and is intimately connected to Islam and its periphery. In each region, ghazals have been shaped into other expressions using imported features and transforming them into ‘local art’. In the Malay world, ghazals come in various shapes and with different meanings. ‘The song, so old’ is the song that came before the proliferation of mass media. The first ghazals that were heard in the Malay world might have been those ghazals performed by Hindustani musicians traveling in Southeast Asia. However, later on, the ghazal’s development was additionally triggered by mass media, with technological progress enhancing change in urban entertainment and introducing new sources of further adaptations. In this context, the second half line of the lyrics mentioned, ‘and yet still famous’, means that despite being old, the song is highly regarded as an art in itself. Malay ghazals are still attractive and musically demanding. They were traditionally not performed for mass appeal, but, rather, for a small knowledgeable audience that valued musical refinement and taste.

The Routledge Handbook of Asian Music: Cultural Intersections introduces Asian music as a way to ask questions about what happens when cultures converge and how readers may evaluate cultural junctures through expressive forms. The volume’s thirteen original chapters cover musical practices in historical and modern contexts from Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, including art music traditions, folk music and composition, religious and ritual music, as well as popular music. These chapters showcase the diversity of Asian music, requiring readers to constantly reconsider their understanding of this vibrant and complex area. The book is divided into three sections: Locating meanings Boundaries and difference Cultural flows Contributors to the book offer a multidisciplinary portfolio of methods, ranging from archival research and field ethnography to biographical studies and music analysis. In addition to rich illustrations, numerous samples of notation and sheet music are featured as insightful study resources. Readers are invited to study individuals, music-makers, listeners, and viewers to learn about their concerns, their musical choices, and their lives through a combination of humanistic and social-scientific approaches. Demonstrating how transformative cultural differences can become in intercultural encounters, this book will appeal to students and scholars of musicology, ethnomusicology, and anthropology.

In response to increased focus on the protection of intangible cultural heritage across the world, Music Endangerment offers a new practical approach to assessing, advocating, and assisting the sustainability of musical genres. Drawing upon relevant ethnomusicological research on globalization and musical diversity, musical change, music revivals, and ecological models for sustainability, author Catherine Grant systematically critiques strategies that are currently employed to support endangered musics. She then constructs a comparative framework between language and music, adapting and applying the measures of language endangerment as developed by UNESCO, in order to identify ways in which language maintenance might (and might not) illuminate new pathways to keeping these musics strong. Grant's work presents the first in-depth, standardized, replicable tool for gauging the level of vitality of music genres, providing an invaluable resource for the creation and maintenance of international cultural policy. It will enable those working in the field to effectively demonstrate the degree to which outside intervention could be of tangible benefit to communities whose musical practices are under threat. Significant for both its insight and its utility, Music Endangerment is an important contribution to the growing field of applied ethnomusicology, and will help secure the continued diversity of our global musical traditions.

Over the past four decades, the "globalized" aspects of cultural circulation have received the majority of scholarly-and consumer-attention, particularly in the study of South Asian music. As a result, a broad range of community-based and other locally focused performance traditions in the regions of South Asia have remained relatively unexplored. Theorizing the Local provides a challenging and compelling counterperspective to the "globalized," arguing for the value of comparative microstudies that are not concerned primarily with the flow of capital and neoliberal politics. What does it mean for musical activities to be local in an increasingly interconnected world? To what extent can theoretical activity be localized to the very acts of making music, interacting, and composing? Theorizing the Local offers glimpses into rich musical worlds of south and west Asia, worlds which have never before been presented in a single volume. The authors cross the traditional borders of scholarship and region, exploring in unmatched detail a vast array of musical practices and significant ethnographic discoveries-from Nepal to India, India to Sri Lanka, Pakistan to Iran. Enriched by audio and video tracks on an extensive companion Web site, Theorizing the Local is an important study of South Asian musical traditions that offers a broader understanding of 21st-century music of the world.