This book demonstrates the potential of novel in-situ experiments, performed on microscopic and macroscopic length scales, for investigating localized deformation processes in metallic materials, particularly their kinetics and the associated evolution of local strain fields. It features a broad methodological portfolio, spanning optical and electron microscopy, digital image correlation, infrared theromgraphy and acoustic emission testing, and particularly focuses on identifying the localized microscopic deformation processes in high-strength/high-ductility CrMnNi TRIP/TWIP (TRansformation Induced Plasticity/TWinning Induced Plasticity) steels. Presenting state-of-the art methodology applied to topical and pertinent problems in materials engineering, this book is a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students working in the field of plasticity and deformation of structural materials.

This open access book presents a collection of the most up-to-date research results in the field of steel development with a focus on pioneering alloy concepts that result in previously unattainable materials properties. Specifically, it gives a detailed overview of the marriage of high-performance steels of the highest strength and form-ability with damage-tolerant zirconia ceramics by innovative manufacturing technologies, thereby yielding a new class of high-performance composite materials. This book describes how new high-alloy stainless TRIP/TWIP steels (TRIP: TRansformation-Induced Plasticity, TWIP: TWinning-induced Plasticity) are combined with zirconium dioxide ceramics in powder metallurgical routes and via melt infiltration to form novel TRIP-matrix composites. This work also provides a timely perspective on new compact and damage-tolerant composite materials, filigree light-weight structures as well as gradient materials, and a close understanding of the mechanisms of the phase transformations. With a detailed application analysis of state-of-the-art methods in spatial and temporal high-resolution structural analysis, in combination with advanced simulation and modelling, this edited volume is ideal for researchers and engineers working in modern steel development, as well as for graduate students of metallurgy and materials science and engineering.

A variety of topics concerning ultrahigh-strength ferrous steels were collected in this book. At present, most of the ferrous steels are applied to cold sheet parts. However, they may be used as the materials of hot-forged parts in the future, because of the excellent performance of the mechanical properties. It is hoped that many researchers will have an interest in the applications of the ferrous steels to the hot-forging parts.

The superior goal of the gebo research association was making important contributions for the future reliable drilling under the existing “hot-hard-rock” conditions in Niedersachsen and their development to the geothermal drillings with sustainable geological subsurface heat exchangers. This goal should be achieved due to the solid research and innovative technology approaches in their combination within one concept for pioneering methods in deep geothermal drillings in hard rock, to be more exact - in interdisciplinary cooperation on engineers and scientists - in cooperation between industry and University, researchers and users Gebo research association comprised scientists and technicians of different research institutions and universities who are working in 33 projects. The individual projects were assigned to one of the 4 main research fields or focus areas. Gebo research association started its activities with 7 project partners participating: - Technische Universität Braunschweig (TUBS) - Technische Universität Clausthal (TUC) - Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover (LUH) - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (UGOE) - Leibniz-Institut für Angewandte Geophysik (LIAG) - Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR) - Energie-Forschungszentrum Niedersachsen (EFZN) Baker Hughes, an industrial partner, participated in the association and supplies it with its experience and additional funds.

Die additive Fertigung mit ihrem schichtweisen Aufbau bietet eine Vielzahl attraktiver Eigenschaften wie eine noch nie dagewesene Gestaltungsfreiheit und maßgeschneiderte mechanische Eigenschaften. Unter anderem erlaubt das pulverbettbasierte Laserstrahlschmelzen von Metallen (PBF-LB/M) die Herstellung hochkomplexer Teile mit einem Minimum an Nachbearbeitungsaufwand. Da die additiven Fertigungsverfahren jedoch vergleichsweise neu sind, gibt es noch einige offene Fragen bezüglich der Prozess-Mikrostruktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehung zu klären. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Prozessabweichungen, die einen nicht-idealen Prozesszustand darstellen, auf die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Eisen- und Aluminiumbasislegierungen untersucht. Aufgrund der großen Anzahl unterschiedlicher Prozessabweichungen konzentrierte sich diese Arbeit auf drei exemplarische, nicht-ideale Prozesse, d.h. Prozessunterbrechungen, die Verwendung von nicht-sphärischen Pulvern und einen variierenden Prozessgasstrom. Durch den Einsatz hochauflösender elektronenmikroskopischer Analysemethoden sowie der Röntgentomographie konnten tiefe Einblicke in die Mikrostruktur und die Defektbildungsmechanismen gewonnen werden. Der Einfluss von Mikrostruktur und Defekten auf die Schädigungsentwicklung unter mechanischer Belastung wurde analysiert und eine Modellidee für eine robuste Produktion abgeleitet und mit bestehenden Konzepten diskutiert.

These proceedings present papers on Additive Manufacturing, Composites Forming Processes, Extrusion and Drawing, Forging and Rolling, Formability of Metallic Materials, Friction and Wear in Metal Forming, Incremental and Sheet Metal Forming, Innovative Joining by Forming Technologies, Lionel Fourment MS on Optimization and Inverse Analysis in Forming, Machining and Cutting, Material Behavior Modelling, New and Advanced Numerical Strategies for Material Forming, Non-Conventional Processes, Polymer Processing and Thermomechanical Properties, Sustainability on Material Forming, and Property-Controlled Forming.

Advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) for auto-making are primarily produced by rolling, plus heat treatment technologies if necessary. However, due to the metallurgical complexity of AHSSs, it is impossible to roll all of the AHSS grades in a rolling mill with the same rolling technology. Each of AHSSs has unique applications in vehicles, and specified rolling technologies are required to produce high quality AHSS products where they might be the best employed to meet performance demands of the automotive parts. Such background has prompted the publication of this scholarly book in the area of rolling of AHSSs with a purpose of providing readers with a valuable technical document that can be used in the research and development of AHSSs for automotive and other manufacturing industries. With contributors from USA, Germany, Poland, Italy, Spain, Austria, Australia, China, India and Iran, the book highlights the latest advances in rolling technologies of AHSSs. It focuses on the theory, simulation and practice of the rolling of AHSSs: The book introduces the history, types and advances of AHSSs and their processes; proposes new theory that is applicable to the rolling of AHSSs, presents mathematical and numerical modelling of AHSSs in rolling; covers thermomechanical processing technologies of AHSSs; provides case studies on the rolling practice of the most popular AHSSs and includes other rolling-related technologies of AHSSs. The book will be useful for both theoretical and applied research aimed at AHSSs rolling technologies, and will be a scientific and valuable literature for the metallurgists, engineers, materials scientists, academics and graduate students who are studying and working with AHSSs and their rolling technologies worldwide.

The book covers a great range of topics, including (1) Incremental forming and metal forming of 3D printed materials; (2) numerical modeling of processes and systems; (3) material characterization techniques for predicting microstructure evolution and mechanical properties during or after thermomechanical processing; (4) constitutive and numerical modeling, as well as process and system optimization. The materials covered include metal powders, lightweight systems, advanced high-strength steels, multiphase materials, and high-entropy alloys.

This collection is organized around the central theme of “Martensite by Design.” Contributions include design, microstructure, properties, advanced processing and manufacturing, performance, phase transformations, and characterization.

This book will be very suitable for recommended reading in undergraduate and graduate courses offered by Departments of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Production Engineering in Universities and Technological Institutions world-wide. The topics in the book start with the basics of atomic structure and electronic configuration of materials, followed by the usual approach towards solid-state thermodynamics. Topics on phase diagram, phase transformation, heat treatment and various other metallurgical processes are discussed at length, putting emphasis on structure-property correlation. Additionally, the book serves as a ready reference for topics on practical metallography, microscopy and image analysis, highlighting the processes of counting of phases, determining particle size and measuring grain sizes. What is unique in this book is the introduction of chapters and contents featuring new concepts and ideas with regard to heat treating steels and developing structure and properties, which are exclusively missing in the old and existing text books on Physical Metallurgy. The new concepts and ideas regarding heat treatment introduced in this book will provide scope to initiate extended research on metals and alloys. Industries may also take-up the proposed new ideas of heat treatment for implementation as future steps of production.