This open access book presents a collection of the most up-to-date research results in the field of steel development with a focus on pioneering alloy concepts that result in previously unattainable materials properties. Specifically, it gives a detailed overview of the marriage of high-performance steels of the highest strength and form-ability with damage-tolerant zirconia ceramics by innovative manufacturing technologies, thereby yielding a new class of high-performance composite materials. This book describes how new high-alloy stainless TRIP/TWIP steels (TRIP: TRansformation-Induced Plasticity, TWIP: TWinning-induced Plasticity) are combined with zirconium dioxide ceramics in powder metallurgical routes and via melt infiltration to form novel TRIP-matrix composites. This work also provides a timely perspective on new compact and damage-tolerant composite materials, filigree light-weight structures as well as gradient materials, and a close understanding of the mechanisms of the phase transformations. With a detailed application analysis of state-of-the-art methods in spatial and temporal high-resolution structural analysis, in combination with advanced simulation and modelling, this edited volume is ideal for researchers and engineers working in modern steel development, as well as for graduate students of metallurgy and materials science and engineering.

This open access book presents a collection of the most up-to-date research results in the field of steel development with a focus on pioneering alloy concepts that result in previously unattainable materials properties. Specifically, it gives a detailed overview of the marriage of high-performance steels of the highest strength and form-ability with damage-tolerant zirconia ceramics by innovative manufacturing technologies, thereby yielding a new class of high-performance composite materials. This book describes how new high-alloy stainless TRIP/TWIP steels (TRIP: TRansformation-Induced Plasticity, TWIP: TWinning-induced Plasticity) are combined with zirconium dioxide ceramics in powder metallurgical routes and via melt infiltration to form novel TRIP-matrix composites. This work also provides a timely perspective on new compact and damage-tolerant composite materials, filigree light-weight structures as well as gradient materials, and a close understanding of the mechanisms of the phase transformations. With a detailed application analysis of state-of-the-art methods in spatial and temporal high-resolution structural analysis, in combination with advanced simulation and modelling, this edited volume is ideal for researchers and engineers working in modern steel development, as well as for graduate students of metallurgy and materials science and engineering.

In this collection, scientists and engineers from across industry, academia, and government present their latest improvements and innovations in all aspects of metal forming science and technology, with the intent of facilitating linkages and collaborations among these groups. Chapters cover the breadth of metal forming topics, from fundamental science to industrial application.

High Interstitial Stainless Austenitic Steels is of interest to all engineers and resaerchers working with stainless steel, either at universities or R&D departments in Industry. The new applications described appeal to design engineers while procees engineers find interesting challenges. These novel steels enter more and more industrial applications. Their development is presented by this book in its entirety, starting from the electronic scale of components. This makes it particlularly attractive to Materials Scientists and Metal Physicists.

This book embraces the entire range of problems associated with phase equilibria in “tungsten – carbon” binary system and related ternary systems, nonstoichiometry, disorder and order in different tungsten carbides, electronic and crystal structure of these carbides. The main application of tungsten carbides is constituent in hardmetals for cutting tools. In the last 20 years, the most active efforts were made in synthesis and application of nanocrystalline tungsten carbide for the production of nanostructured hardmetals. The present book describes in detail different methods for production of nanocrystalline tungsten carbide. The peculiarities of sintering of Co hardmetals from nanocrystalline powders having different particle sizes are discussed. Materials scientists using tungsten carbide to create novel superhard and tough materials will find this book particularly useful.

This book represents the first ever scientific monograph including an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques. Until now, the electromagnetic field-assisted technologies of materials processing were lacking a systematic and generalized description in one fundamental publication; this work promotes the development of generalized concepts and of comparative analyses in this emerging area of materials fabrication. This book describes modern technologies for the powder processing-based fabrication of advanced materials. New approaches for the development of well-tailored and stable structures are thoroughly discussed. Since the potential of traditional thermo-mechanical methods of material treatment is limited due to inadequate control during processing, the book addresses ways to more accurately control the resultant material's structure and properties by an assisting application of electro-magnetic fields. The book describes resistance sintering, high-voltage consolidation, sintering by low-voltage electric pulses (including spark plasma sintering), flash sintering, microwave sintering, induction heating sintering, magnetic pulse compaction and other field-assisted sintering techniques. Includes an in-depth analysis of all major field-assisted sintering techniques; Explains new techniques and approaches for material treatment; Provides detailed descriptions of spark plasma sintering, microwave sintering, high-voltage consolidation, magnetic pulse compaction, and various other approaches when field-assisted treatment is applied.

Die additive Fertigung mit ihrem schichtweisen Aufbau bietet eine Vielzahl attraktiver Eigenschaften wie eine noch nie dagewesene Gestaltungsfreiheit und maßgeschneiderte mechanische Eigenschaften. Unter anderem erlaubt das pulverbettbasierte Laserstrahlschmelzen von Metallen (PBF-LB/M) die Herstellung hochkomplexer Teile mit einem Minimum an Nachbearbeitungsaufwand. Da die additiven Fertigungsverfahren jedoch vergleichsweise neu sind, gibt es noch einige offene Fragen bezüglich der Prozess-Mikrostruktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehung zu klären. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde der Einfluss verschiedener Prozessabweichungen, die einen nicht-idealen Prozesszustand darstellen, auf die Mikrostruktur und die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Eisen- und Aluminiumbasislegierungen untersucht. Aufgrund der großen Anzahl unterschiedlicher Prozessabweichungen konzentrierte sich diese Arbeit auf drei exemplarische, nicht-ideale Prozesse, d.h. Prozessunterbrechungen, die Verwendung von nicht-sphärischen Pulvern und einen variierenden Prozessgasstrom. Durch den Einsatz hochauflösender elektronenmikroskopischer Analysemethoden sowie der Röntgentomographie konnten tiefe Einblicke in die Mikrostruktur und die Defektbildungsmechanismen gewonnen werden. Der Einfluss von Mikrostruktur und Defekten auf die Schädigungsentwicklung unter mechanischer Belastung wurde analysiert und eine Modellidee für eine robuste Produktion abgeleitet und mit bestehenden Konzepten diskutiert.

In the decade since the first edition of this popular text was published, the metallurgical field has undergone rapid developments in many sectors. Nonetheless, the underlying principles governing these developments remain the same. A textbook that presents these advances within the context of the fundamentals is greatly needed by instructors in the field Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Second Edition maintains the simplicity that undergraduate instructors and students have come to appreciate while updating and expanding coverage of recently developed methods and materials. The book is effectively divided into two parts. The beginning chapters contain the background material necessary for understanding phase transformations - thermodynamics, kinetics, diffusion theory and the structure and properties of interfaces. The following chapters deal with specific transformations - solidification, diffusional transformation in solids and diffusionless transformation. Case studies of engineering alloys are incorporated to provide a link between theory and practice. New additions include an extended list of further reading at the end of each chapter and a section containing complete solutions to all exercises in the book Designed for final year undergraduate and postgraduate students of metallurgy, materials science, or engineering materials, this is an ideal textbook for both students and instructors.