The transition of single women with children off the welfare rolls and into employment (see Figures 1 and 2) in the 1990s has been described as "stunning" by leading policy researchers (see, for instance, Blank 2002). The authors in The Decline in Employment of People with Disabilities: A Policy Puzzle (Stapleton and Burkhauser 2003) document and analyze an equally stunning transition of working-age people with disabilities out of the workforce and onto disability income support programs (see Figures 1 and 2), despite the upsurge in government rhetoric proclaiming increased employment and economic independence as a primary policy goal. Employment and program participation trends for both populations departed sharply from trends in the prior decade.

"In this provocative volume, Richard V. Burkhauser and Mary C. Daly argue that the U.S. disability system is failing--growing at an unsustainable pace for taxpayers and delivering relatively poor outcomes to those with disabilities. These outcomes are not the inevitable results of demographic or health changes but rather the unintended consequences of changes to two public programs designed to assist those with disabilities: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). Drawing on lessons from two recent policy initiatives--the reform of U.S. welfare policy and the reform of Dutch disability policy--and analyzing how public insurance and welfare program incentives affect behavior, Burkhauser and Daly argue for fundamental changes in the way disability is insured and managed. In keeping with the Americans with Disabilities Act's philosophy of encouraging people with disabilities to remain in the workforce, the authors recommend changes in SSDI and SSI that make work, rather than benefits, the primary goal of federal disability policy."--From publisher description.

In the 1990s, social expectations of single mothers shifted towards the notion that most should, could, and would work, if given the proper incentives. This shift in expectations culminated in the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act in 1996, commonly known as welfare reform. As a result, ADFC/TANF caseloads fell along with cash transfers to single mothers who did not work. A decade later the earnings and household income of single mothers are significantly higher and moving more in synch with the U.S. economy. In stark contrast and despite espoused goals to the contrary, public policies toward working age men and women with disabilities have remained imbued with the notion that most cannot and thus, would not work, no matter what incentives they faced. As a result, SSDI/SSI expenditures and caseloads have increased and the earnings and household income of working age men and women with disabilities have fallen, leaving them even further behind the average working age American than they were a decade ago. Using data from the Current Population Survey we follow the economic well-being and employment of single mothers and working age men and women with disabilities over the past two major United States business cycles (1982-1993 and 1993-2004) and show that despite the dramatic decline in AFDC/TANF funding, single mothers' economic well-being, labor earnings and employment all have risen substantially. In contrast, despite the dramatic increase in SSDI/SSI funding, the economic wellbeing of working age men and women with disabilities remained stagnant, as their labor earnings and employment plummeted.

With more than 400 articles, the Encyclopedia of Career Development is the premier reference tool for research on career-related topics. Covering a broad range of themes, the contributions represent original material written by internationally-renowned scholars that view career development from a number of different dimensions. This multidisciplinary resource examines career-related issues from psychological, sociological, educational, counseling, organizational behavior, and human resource management perspectives. Key Features Offers introductory materials prepared by the editors and supplementary appendices on select topics Incorporates global, cultural, and international dimensions of careers and examines the social context of careers such as the contemporary work environment, emerging values in society, gender and ethnicity, social class, and work-family interface Explores the evolution of careers, including career stages, patterns, and transitions, as well as variations in the meaning of career success Discusses career decision-making strategies, and looks at legislative, regulatory, and labor relations decrees that influence career development and decision making Analyzes initiatives used by employers, counselors, and society to promote the effective development of careers The Encyclopedia of Career Development is a leading edge reference tool that is recognized as a "must have" for libraries in the United States and around the world. In addition, corporations and career centers will also want to add this valuable set to their collections.

This is the only text to examine the experience of disability in relation to theories of human growth and development. It provides a foundational and comprehensive examination of disability that encompasses the intellectual, psychiatric, physical, and social arenas. The second edition is updated to underscore its versatility as an introductory text about the developmental tasks of people with disabilities for all the helping professions. Reorganized to illuminate the book’s interdisciplinary focus, it includes new demographics, new case studies and first-person accounts, discussions on cultural aspects of disabilities, family concerns, and more. The text delivers practice guidelines for each of the conventional life stages and describes the developmental tasks of individuals with disabilities (IWDs). It emphasizes the positive trend in the perception of IWDs as normal and underscores the fact that IWDs have the same motivations, emotions, and goals as those without disabilities. Learning activities, suggestions for writing exercises, and websites for further study reinforce learning, as do graphs and charts illustrating trends and demographics. NEW TO THE SECOND EDITION: Introductory chapter on understanding disability Demographic updates throughout New case studies and first-person accounts Expanded discussions about cultural considerations, intersectionality, and family considerations Updated Instructor’s Manual and an Instructor’s Test Bank KEY FEATURES: Examines the conventional stages of human growth and development from the perspective of individuals with disabilities Integrates disability concepts with developmental theories and stages of the lifespan Addresses common ethical issues to illuminate the real-world implications faced by individuals with disabilities and their families Includes learning activities, suggestions for writing exercises, and websites for further study Purchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices or computers.

Provides a new thematic treatment of key employment relations issues. Includes : collective bargaining, worker disability, the return to work, alternative dispute resolution, managerial misclassification and violations of overtime law, new developments in performance-based pay, and retirement from work and managing one's own money.