This new volume of Methods in Enzymology continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers cilia and includes chapters on such topics as electron microscopy of IFT in cilia and flagella, radial spoke isolation and assays, and biomechanical measurements of kinocilium. - Continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field - Covers cilia - Contains chapters on such topics as electron microscopy of IFT in cilia and flagella, radial spoke isolation and assays, and biomechanical measurements of kinocilium

In recent years, the role of cilia in the study of health, development and disease has been increasingly clear, and new discoveries have made this an exciting and important field of research. This comprehensive volume, a complement to the new three-volume treatment of cilia and flagella by King and Pazour, presents easy-to-follow protocols and detailed background information for researchers working with cilia and flagella. - Covers protocols for primary cilia across several systems and species - Both classic and state-of-the-art methods readily adaptable across model systems, and designed to last the test of time - Relevant to clinicians and scientists working in a wide range of fields

Cilia and Flagella presents protocols accessible to all individuals working with eukaryotic cilia and flagella. These recipes delineate laboratory methods and reagents, as well as critical steps and pitfalls of the procedures. The volume covers the roles of cilia and flagella in cell assembly and motility, the cell cycle, cell-cell recognition and other sensory functions, as well as human diseases and disorders. Students, researchers, professors, and clinicians should find the book's combination of "classic" and innovative techniques essential to the study of cilia and flagella.Key Features* A complete guide containing more than 80 concise technical chapters friendly to both the novice and experienced researcher* Covers protocols for cilia and flagella across systems and species from Chlamydomonas and Euglena to mammals* Both classic and state-of-the-art methods readily adaptable across model systems, and designed to last the test of time, including microscopy, electrophoresis, and PCR* Relevant to clinicians interested in respiratory disease, male infertility, and other syndromes, who need to learn biochemical, molecular, and genetic approaches to studying cilia, flagella, and related structures

Autophagy: Cancer, Other Pathologies, Inflammation, Immunity, Infection, and Aging is an eleven volume series that discusses in detail all aspects of autophagy machinery in the context of health, cancer, and other pathologies. Autophagy maintains homeostasis during starvation or stress conditions by balancing the synthesis of cellular components and their deregulation by autophagy. This series discusses the characterization of autophagosome-enriched vaccines and its efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. Autophagy serves to maintain healthy cells, tissues, and organs, but also promotes cancer survival and growth of established tumors. Impaired or deregulated autophagy can also contribute to disease pathogenesis. Understanding the importance and necessity of the role of autophagy in health and disease is vital for the studies of cancer, aging, neurodegeneration, immunology, and infectious diseases. Comprehensive and forward-thinking, these books offer a valuable guide to cellular processes while also inciting researchers to explore their potentially important connections. - Presents the most advanced information regarding the role of the autophagic system in life and death - Examines whether autophagy acts fundamentally as a cell survivor or cell death pathway or both - Introduces new, more effective therapeutic strategies in the development of targeted drugs and programmed cell death, providing information that will aid in preventing detrimental inflammation - Features recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms underlying a large number of genetic and epigenetic diseases and abnormalities, including atherosclerosis and CNS tumors, and their development and treatment - Includes chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe—the broadest, most expert coverage available

Integrated Nano-Biomechanics provides an integrated look into the rapidly evolving field of nanobiomechanics. The book demystifies the processes in living organisms at the micro- and nano-scale through mechanics, using theoretical, computational and experimental means. The book develops the concept of integrating different technologies along the hierarchical structure of biological systems and clarifies biomechanical interactions among different levels for the analysis of multi-scale pathophysiological phenomena. With a focus on nano-scale processes and biomedical applications, it is shown how knowledge obtained can be utilized in a range of areas, including diagnosis and treatment of various human diseases and alternative energy production. This book is based on collaboration of researchers from a unique combination of fields, including biomechanics, computational mechanics, GPU application, electron microscopy, biology of motile micro-organisms, entomological mechanics and clinical medicine. The book will be of great interest to scientists and researchers involved in disciplines, such as micro- and nano-engineering, bionanotechnology, biomedical engineering, micro- and nano-scale fluid-mechanics (such as in MEMS devices), nanomedicine and microbiology, as well as industries such as optical devices, computer simulation, plant based energy sources and clinical diagnosis of the gastric diseases. - Provides knowledge of integrated biomechanics, focusing on nano-scale, in this rapidly growing research field - Explains how the different technologies can be integrated and applied in a variety of biomedical application fields, as well as for alternative energy sources - Uses a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to provide a comprehensive coverage of nano-biomechanics

Genes and Evolution, the latest volume in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, covers genes and evolution, with contributions from an international board of authors. The chapters provide a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as genes and plant domestication, gene networks, phenotypic loss in vertebrates, reproducible evolutionary changes, and epithelial tissue. - Covers the area of genes and evolution - Contains invaluable contributions from an international board of authors - Provides a comprehensive set of reviews covering such topics as genes and plant domestication, gene networks, phenotypic loss in vertebrates, reproducible evolutionary changes and epithelial tissue

Cilia are tiny hairs covering biological cells to generate and sense fluid flow. Millions of years of evolution have inspired a novel technology which is barely a decade old. Artificial cilia have been developed to control and sense fluid flow in microscopic systems, presenting new and interesting options for flow control in lab-on-a-chip devices. This appealing link between nature and technology has seen rapid development in the last few years, and this book presents a review of the state-of-the-art in the form of a professional reference book. The editors have pioneered the field, having initiated a major European project on this topic soon after its inception. Active researchers in academia and industry will benefit from the comprehensive nature of this book, while postgraduates and those new to the field will gain a clear understanding of the theory, techniques and applications of artificial cilia.

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a highly prevalent hereditary renal disorder in which fluid-filled cysts are appeared in both kidneys. Main causative genes of ADPKD are PKD1 and PKD2, encoding for polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2) respectively. Those proteins are localized on primary cilia and function as mechanosensor in response to the fluid flow, translating mechanistic stimuli into calcium signaling. With mutations either of PKD1 or PKD2, hyper-activated renal tubular epithelial cell proliferation is observed, followed by disrupted calcium homeostasis and aberrant intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) accumulation. Increased cell proliferation with fluid secretion leads to the development of thousands of epithelial-lined, fluid-filled cysts in kidneys. It is also accompanied by interstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and finally reaching end-stage renal disease (ESRD). In human ADPKD, the age at which renal failure typically occurs is later in life, however no specific targeted medications are available to cure ADPKD. Recently, potential therapeutic targets or surrogate diagnostic biomarkers for ADPKD are proposed with the advances in the understanding of ADPKD pathogenesis, and some of them were attempted for clinical trials. Herein, we will summarize genetic and epi-genetic molecular mechanisms in ADPKD progression, and overview the currently available biomarkers or potential therapeutic reagents suggested.

Cilia: From Mechanisms to Disease, Part A, Volume 175 in the Methods in Cell Biology series, offers a range of techniques and protocols that can be used to study aspects of this interesting cellular organelle both in vitro and in vivo. Sections in this new release include Protocols to induce and study ciliogenesis, Flow Cytometry-Based Approach for the study of primary Cilia, Microscopic observation of human airway ciliary movement using wheat germ agglutinin, Time-lapse imaging of primary cilia behavior with physiological expression of fluorescent ciliary proteins, Evaluation of ciliary-GPCR dynamics using a validated organotypic brain slice culture method, and much more. Other sections cover Studying the morphology, composition and function of the photoreceptor primary cilium in zebrafish, Visualizing Multiciliated Cells in the Zebrafish, Isolation of Ciliary Ectosomes and Analysis of Peptide-mediated Chemotaxis in Chlamydomonas, Using Paramecium as a Model for Ciliopathies, Using organoids to study cilia, Using in vivo cerebellar electroporation to study neuronal cell proliferation and differentiation in a Joubert syndrome mouse model, and more. - Offers a detailed overview of the protocols used to study cilia structure and various aspects of ciliary function - Provides an approach to the study of some diseases related to ciliary dysfunction, also known as ciliopathies - Written in an accessible style by renowned experts in the field

Disease Pathways: An Atlas of Human Disease Signaling Pathways is designed to fill a void of illustrated reviews about the cellular mechanisms of human diseases. It covers 42 of the most common non-oncologic diseases and illustrates the connections between the molecular causes of the disease and its symptoms. This resource provides readers with detailed information about the disease molecular pathways, while keeping the presentation simple. Pathway models that aggregate the knowledge about protein–protein interactions have become indispensable tools in many areas of molecular biology, pharmacology, and medicine. In addition to disease pathways, the book includes a comprehensive overview of molecular signaling biology and application of pathway models in the analysis of big data for drug discovery and personalized medicine. This is a must-have reference for general biologists, biochemists, students, medical workers, and everyone interested in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human disease. - Over 145 full-color illustrations of the molecular and cellular cascades underlying the disease pathology. - Disease pathways are based on computational models from Elsevier's Disease Pathway Collection, published for the first time outside of Pathway Studio® commercial software. - Each relationship on the pathway models is supported by references to scientific articles and can be examined at freely available online resources.