The present volume represents the result of two years of work originally begun as a fifteen-member student project under my supervision at NASA - Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif ornia. As a means of acquainting team members with previous research related to our NASA experiments with long-term isolation and confine ment effects upon nonhuman primate behavior a weekly meeting was arranged for students to orally present abstracts of various articles they had read. As the number of references increased we decided to expand our efforts through several computer searches of the psychological, biological, anthropological, and medical liter ature. Upon completion of our experiments at NASA, three of the team members and myself decided to take this basic foundation, up date, expand and otherwise polish it into the present comprehensive reference tool we feel confident will be of value to investigators and scholars interested in the broad topic of nonhuman primate development as affected by early environmental influences. While ours is the only bibliography of this literature which includes both abstracts and indexing, several previous publications are worth noting as we found them particularly helpful in our own work. Those bibliographies, compiled by Agar and Mitchell (1973), Stoffer and Stoffer (1976), and Roy (1976, 1977), are excellent. In addition to the articles cited in these sources we have added approximately 400 more articles with abstracts and indexing.

The present volume represents the result of two years of work originally begun as a fifteen-member student project under my supervision at NASA - Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif ornia. As a means of acquainting team members with previous research related to our NASA experiments with long-term isolation and confine ment effects upon nonhuman primate behavior a weekly meeting was arranged for students to orally present abstracts of various articles they had read. As the number of references increased we decided to expand our efforts through several computer searches of the psychological, biological, anthropological, and medical liter ature. Upon completion of our experiments at NASA, three of the team members and myself decided to take this basic foundation, up date, expand and otherwise polish it into the present comprehensive reference tool we feel confident will be of value to investigators and scholars interested in the broad topic of nonhuman primate development as affected by early environmental influences. While ours is the only bibliography of this literature which includes both abstracts and indexing, several previous publications are worth noting as we found them particularly helpful in our own work. Those bibliographies, compiled by Agar and Mitchell (1973), Stoffer and Stoffer (1976), and Roy (1976, 1977), are excellent. In addition to the articles cited in these sources we have added approximately 400 more articles with abstracts and indexing.

The rate of neurodevelopmental disabilities, including autism, mental retardation, hearing loss and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is rising in the United States. Although estimates of the prevalence of these disorders vary, figures from the CDC indicate that 4% of all school age children are developmentally disabled. During infancy, many important milestones in behavioral development are shared between human and nonhuman primates. Learning more about the causes of abnormal development in monkeys has provided important insights into the mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disabilities in human infants. This book documents the latest research not commonly found in other references, and provides a comprehensive look at the results from decades of work with nonhuman primates as it relates to child development and disability. Includes hot topics such as early chemical exposures, immunological influences on development, low birth weight, endocrine disrupters, pediatric AIDS, origin of childhood psychopathologies and assisted reproductive technology Represents the significant body of work accumulated since funding for research on developmental disabilities has increased substantially in recent years

A 1985 amendment to the Animal Welfare Act requires those who keep nonhuman primates to develop and follow appropriate plans for promoting the animals' psychological well-being. The amendment, however, provides few specifics. The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates recommends practical approaches to meeting those requirements. It focuses on what is known about the psychological needs of primates and makes suggestions for assessing and promoting their well-being. This volume examines the elements of an effective care programâ€"social companionship, opportunities for species-typical activity, housing and sanitation, and daily care routinesâ€"and provides a helpful checklist for designing a plan for promoting psychological well-being. The book provides a wealth of specific and useful information about the psychological attributes and needs of the most widely used and exhibited nonhuman primates. Readable and well-organized, it will be welcomed by animal care and use committees, facilities administrators, enforcement inspectors, animal advocates, researchers, veterinarians, and caretakers.

The underlying theme uniting the papers of this volume is the quest for a further understanding of human behavior. The similarities between the behaviors of other primates and humans have captivated us even before a science arose. But what is the justification for making such comparisons? Comparisons, like classifications, can be made on any basis whatever. The aim in making any scientific comparison is the same as doing a classification. That is, one attempts to make the comparison on a "natural" basis. Natural, in this case, means that the comparison reflects processes that occur in nature. The fundamental paradigm for making natural comparisons in biology is based on evolutionary theory. The evolutionary paradigm is inherently one of comparisons between and within species. Conversely, it is impossible to begin to make cross species comparisons without making, implicitly at least, evolutionary arguments. But evolution is a complex construct of theories (Lewis, 1980), and comparisons can be made out of different theoretical bases. F or the sake of this discussion we can combine varieties of sub-theories into two categories: those having to do with descent with modification, and those concerned with the mechanics of evolutionary change--notably natural selection.

Behavior of Nonhuman Primates: Modern Research Trends, Volume 3 provides information pertinent to research on behavior of nonhuman primates. This book presents the knowledge of the social development of rhesus infants and compares with data on other species. Organized into four chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the interspecies differences in the social influences affecting young primates. This text then examines the nature of the interactions between the infant and its various social companions, wherein each type of social companion may interact with the infant in a number of ways. Other chapters consider the nature of the social organization, which may be presumed to have been shaped by the ecological pressures of the natural habitat. This book discusses as well the color vision and visual acuity in different animals. The final chapter deals with the aspects of primate hearing. This book is a valuable resource for students and research workers.

In more ways than we may sometimes care to acknowledge, the human being is just another primate--it is certainly only very rarely that researchers into cognition, emotion, personality, and behavior in our species and in other primates come together to compare notes and share insights. This book, one of the few comprehensive attempts at integrating behavioral research into human and nonhuman primates, does precisely that--and in doing so, offers a clear, in-depth look at the mutually enlightening work being done in psychology and primatology. Relying on theories of behavior derived from psychology rather than ecology or biological anthropology, the authors, internationally known experts in primatology and psychology, focus primarily on social processes in areas including aggression, conflict resolution, sexuality, attachment, parenting, social development and affiliation, cognitive development, social cognition, personality, emotions, vocal and nonvocal communication, cognitive neuroscience, and psychopathology. They show nonhuman primates to be far more complex, cognitively and emotionally, than was once supposed, with provocative implications for our understanding of supposedly unique human characteristics. Arguing that both human and nonhuman primates are distinctive for their wide range of context-sensitive behaviors, their work makes a powerful case for the future integration of human and primate behavioral research.

Since 1950, there has been a sharp increase in interest among comparative anatomists, physiologists, biochemists, ecologists, and behavioral scientists in research on non-human primates. Recent advances in the study of genetics, evolution, and human prehistory have focused scientific attention on man's close relatives, the apes and monkeys. At the same time, the value of the naturalistic field study as a research tool and an adjunct to laboratory study has been increasingly recognized. This book brings together for the first time eight classic naturalistic field studies of non-human primates that have long been out of print. Because these pioneer investigations in primatology have been unavailable, contemporary scientists have undertaken research into many naturalistic behavior characteristics originally observed and described by the author in the 1930's and 1940's. His basic monographs on the howler monkeys of Panama, the gibbons of Thailand, the orangutans of Sumatra, and other monkey colonies are included, as well as discussions of the significance of the results of his research for human behavioral adaptations. These important monographs, with new introductions and conclusions by the author, will not only be of extreme interest to psychologists, zoologists, ecologists, anthropologists, and other life scientists but will also help to advance the scientific productivity of current field investigations.

The contributors to this volume present research concerning the cognitive structures and development of nonhuman primates from a cognitive psychological perspective. The authors and researchers come to this project from the study of humans and apply their knowledge to research on nonhumans. For professional, researchers, and students in cognitive, developmental, and experimental psychology.