Let $\mathcal N$ and $\mathcal M$ be von Neumann algebras. It is proved that $L DEGREESp(\mathcal N)$ does not linearly topologically embed in $L DEGREESp(\mathcal M)$ for $\mathcal N$ infinite, $\mathcal M$ finit

The Handbook presents an overview of most aspects of modern Banach space theory and its applications. The up-to-date surveys, authored by leading research workers in the area, are written to be accessible to a wide audience. In addition to presenting the state of the art of Banach space theory, the surveys discuss the relation of the subject with such areas as harmonic analysis, complex analysis, classical convexity, probability theory, operator theory, combinatorics, logic, geometric measure theory, and partial differential equations. The Handbook begins with a chapter on basic concepts in Banach space theory which contains all the background needed for reading any other chapter in the Handbook. Each of the twenty one articles in this volume after the basic concepts chapter is devoted to one specific direction of Banach space theory or its applications. Each article contains a motivated introduction as well as an exposition of the main results, methods, and open problems in its specific direction. Most have an extensive bibliography. Many articles contain new proofs of known results as well as expositions of proofs which are hard to locate in the literature or are only outlined in the original research papers. As well as being valuable to experienced researchers in Banach space theory, the Handbook should be an outstanding source for inspiration and information to graduate students and beginning researchers. The Handbook will be useful for mathematicians who want to get an idea of the various developments in Banach space theory.

The property of maximal $L_p$-regularity for parabolic evolution equations is investigated via the concept of $\mathcal R$-sectorial operators and operator-valued Fourier multipliers. As application, we consider the $L_q$-realization of an elliptic boundary value problem of order $2m$ with operator-valued coefficients subject to general boundary conditions. We show that there is maximal $L_p$-$L_q$-regularity for the solution of the associated Cauchy problem provided the top order coefficients are bounded and uniformly continuous.

A memoir that studies positive definite functions on convex subsets of finite- or infinite-dimensional vector spaces. It studies representations of convex cones by positive operators on Hilbert spaces. It also studies the interplay between positive definite functions and representations of convex cones.

In this memoir we present a new construction and new properties of the Yang-Mills measure in two dimensions. This measure was first introduced for the needs of quantum field theory and can be described informally as a probability measure on the space of connections modulo gauge transformations on a principal bundle. We consider the case of a bundle over a compact orientable surface. Our construction is based on the discrete Yang-Mills theory of which we give a full acount. We are able to take its continuum limit and to define a pathwise multiplicative process of random holonomy indexed by the class of piecewise embedded loops. We study in detail the links between this process and a white noise and prove a result of asymptotic independence in the case of a semi-simple structure group. We also investigate global Markovian properties of the measure related to the surgery of surfaces.

Demonstrates the consistency of the Einstein equations at the level of shock-waves by proving the existence of shock wave solutions of the spherically symmetric Einstein equations for a perfect fluid, starting from initial density and velocity profiles that are only locally of bounded total variation.

We study Hilbert modular forms in characteristic $p$ and over $p$-adic rings. In the characteristic $p$ theory we describe the kernel and image of the $q$-expansion map and prove the existence of filtration for Hilbert modular forms; we define operators $U$, $V$ and $\Theta_\chi$ and study the variation of the filtration under these operators. Our methods are geometric - comparing holomorphic Hilbert modular forms with rational functions on a moduli scheme with level-$p$ structure, whose poles are supported on the non-ordinary locus.In the $p$-adic theory we study congruences between Hilbert modular forms. This applies to the study of congruences between special values of zeta functions of totally real fields. It also allows us to define $p$-adic Hilbert modular forms 'a la Serre' as $p$-adic uniform limit of classical modular forms, and compare them with $p$-adic modular forms 'a la Katz' that are regular functions on a certain formal moduli scheme. We show that the two notions agree for cusp forms and for a suitable class of weights containing all the classical ones. We extend the operators $V$ and $\Theta_\chi$ to the $p$-adic setting.

A monograph that derives necessary conditions of optimality for a general control problem formulated in terms of a differential inclusion. It expresses The Euler, Weierstrass and transversality conditions.

This book is dedicated to Dennis Sullivan on the occasion of his 60th birthday. The framework of affine and hyperbolic laminations provides a unifying foundation for many aspects of conformal dynamics and hyperbolic geometry. The central objects of this approach are an affine Riemann surface lamination $\mathcal A$ and the associated hyperbolic 3-lamination $\mathcal H$ endowed with an action of a discrete group of isomorphisms. This action is properly discontinuous on $\mathcal H$, which allows one to pass to the quotient hyperbolic lamination $\mathcal M$. Our work explores natural ``geometric'' measures on these laminations. We begin with a brief self-contained introduction to the measure theory on laminations by discussing the relationship between leafwise, transverse and global measures. The central themes of our study are: leafwise and transverse ``conformal streams'' on an affine lamination $\mathcal A$ (analogues of the Patterson-Sullivan conformal measures for Kleinian groups), harmonic and invariant measures on the corresponding hyperbolic lamination $\mathcal H$, the ``Anosov--Sinai cocycle'', the corresponding ``basic cohomology class'' on $\mathcal A$ (which provides an obstruction to flatness), and the Busemann cocycle on $\mathcal H$. A number of related geometric objects on laminations -- in particular, the backward and forward Poincare series and the associated critical exponents, the curvature forms and the Euler class, currents and transverse invariant measures, $\lambda$-harmonic functions and the leafwise Brownian motion -- are discussed along the lines. The main examples are provided by the laminations arising from the Kleinian and the rational dynamics. In the former case, $\mathcal M$ is a sublamination of the unit tangent bundle of a hyperbolic 3-manifold, its transversals can be identified with the limit set of the Kleinian group, and we show how the classical theory of Patterson-Sullivan measures can be recast in terms of our general approach. In the latter case, the laminations were recently constructed by Lyubich and Minsky in [LM97]. Assuming that they are locally compact, we construct a transverse $\delta$-conformal stream on $\mathcal A$ and the corresponding $\lambda$-harmonic measure on $\mathcal M$, where $\lambda=\delta(\delta-2)$. We prove that the exponent $\delta$ of the stream does not exceed 2 and that the affine laminations are never flat except for several explicit special cases (rational functions with parabolic Thurston orbifold).