Army Tactics Techniques and Procedures ATTP 3-97.11 (FM 31-70 and FM 31-71) MCRP 12-10A.4 (Formerly MCRP 3-35.1D) Cold Region Operations 2 May 2006 This Army tactics, techniques, and procedures (ATTP)/Marine Corps reference publication (MCRP) is the Army's doctrinal publication for operations in the cold region environment. Marines can utilize this publication as an operational reference with the 3-35 doctrinal series. It provides doctrinal guidance and direction for how United States (U.S.) forces conduct cold region operations. The purpose of ATTP 3-97.11/MCRP 3-35.1D is to arm leaders, Soldiers, and Marines with the necessary knowledge on how to operate in cold region environments. The information contained in this manual applies to all Soldiers and Marines, regardless of rank or job specialty. This manual is designed to work with and complement field manual (FM) 3-97.6, Mountain Operations, and FM 3-97.61, Military Mountaineering. This manual will enable leaders, Soldiers, and Marines to accurately describe cold region environments, their effects on military equipment, impacts these environments have on personnel, and most importantly, how to employ the elements of combat power in cold region environments. This ATTP provides the conceptual framework for conventional forces to conduct cold region operations within the construct of full spectrum operations, across the spectrum of conflict. It addresses cold region operations at operational and tactical levels. Chapter 1 discusses the characteristics of the cold region environment. Chapter 2 discusses the operations process. Chapter 3 identifies and discusses special considerations for operations in a cold region environment. Chapter 4 discusses how to conduct movement and maneuver in a cold region environment. Chapter 5 discusses how to apply sustainment principles unique to cold regions. Chapter 6 discusses how to apply combat power in the cold region environment. The two appendixes detail the special uniform, equipment, and heaters necessary in the cold region environment.

This Army tactics, techniques, and procedures (ATTP)/Marine Corps reference publication (MCRP) is the Army's doctrinal publication for operations in the cold region environment. Marines can utilize this publication as an operational reference with the 3-35 doctrinal series. It provides doctrinal guidance and direction for how United States (U.S.) forces conduct cold region operations. The purpose of ATTP 3-97.11/MCRP 3-35.1D is to arm leaders, Soldiers, and Marines with the necessary knowledge on how to operate in cold region environments. The information contained in this manual applies to all Soldiers and Marines, regardless of rank or job specialty. This manual is designed to work with and complement field manual (FM) 3-97.6, Mountain Operations, and FM 3-97.61, Military Mountaineering. This manual will enable leaders, Soldiers, and Marines to accurately describe cold region environments, their effects on military equipment, impacts these environments have on personnel, and most importantly, how to employ the elements of combat power in cold region environments. This ATTP provides the conceptual framework for conventional forces to conduct cold region operations within the construct of full spectrum operations, across the spectrum of conflict. It addresses cold region operations at operational and tactical levels. Chapter 1 discusses the characteristics of the cold region environment. Chapter 2 discusses the operations process. Chapter 3 identifies and discusses special considerations for operations in a cold region environment. Chapter 4 discusses how to conduct movement and maneuver in a cold region environment. Chapter 5 discusses how to apply sustainment principles unique to cold regions. Chapter 6 discusses how to apply combat power in the cold region environment. The two appendixes detail the special uniform, equipment, and heaters necessary in the cold region environment. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), United States Army Reserve (USAR), Marine Corps, and Marine Corps Reserve unless otherwise stated. Note for Marines: This manual is intended as an operational-level reference only. Some differences apply in clothing, equipment, vehicles, and aircraft (items the Marine Corps has that the Army does not and vice versa). These Marine Corps-specific differences and tactical-level differences (arising from the employment of heavy vice light infantry) are covered in MCRP 3-35.1A, Small-Unit Leader's Guide to Cold Weather Operations. The clothing, equipment, and tactics, techniques, and procedures for cold weather warfighting by Marines are covered in MCRP 3-35.1B, Instructor's Guide to Combat Skiing. By December 2011, the Marine Corps will update these publications and change the titles. The United States Marine Corps (USMC) lead agency and doctrinal proponent for mountain and cold region operations is the Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center (MCMWTC) in Bridgeport, California. Contact MCMWTC, Operations and Training for further information. The proponent of this publication is the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). The preparing agency is the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center.

This Army tactics, techniques, and procedures (ATTP)/Marine Corps reference publication (MCRP) is the Army's doctrinal publication for operations in the cold region environment. Marines can utilize this publication as an operational reference with the 3-35 doctrinal series. It provides doctrinal guidance and direction for how United States (U.S.) forces conduct cold region operations. The purpose of ATTP 3-97.11/MCRP 3-35.1D is to arm leaders, Soldiers, and Marines with the necessary knowledge on how to operate in cold region environments. The information contained in this manual applies to all Soldiers and Marines, regardless of rank or job specialty. This manual is designed to work with and complement field manual (FM) 3-97.6, Mountain Operations, and FM 3-97.61, Military Mountaineering. This manual will enable leaders, Soldiers, and Marines to accurately describe cold region environments, their effects on military equipment, impacts these environments have on personnel, and most importantly, how to employ the elements of combat power in cold region environments. This ATTP provides the conceptual framework for conventional forces to conduct cold region operations within the construct of full spectrum operations, across the spectrum of conflict. It addresses cold region operations at operational and tactical levels. Chapter 1 discusses the characteristics of the cold region environment. Chapter 2 discusses the operations process. Chapter 3 identifies and discusses special considerations for operations in a cold region environment. Chapter 4 discusses how to conduct movement and maneuver in a cold region environment. Chapter 5 discusses how to apply sustainment principles unique to cold regions. Chapter 6 discusses how to apply combat power in the cold region environment. The two appendixes detail the special uniform, equipment, and heaters necessary in the cold region environment. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), United States Army Reserve (USAR), Marine Corps, and Marine Corps Reserve unless otherwise stated.

Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (ATTP) 3-06.11 establishes doctrine for combined arms operations in urban terrain for the brigade combat team (BCT) and battalion/squadron commanders and staffs, company/troop commanders, small-unit leaders, and individual Soldiers. The continued trend worldwide of urban growth and the shift of populations from rural to urban areas continues to affect Army operations. The urban environment, consisting of complex terrain, dense populations, and integrated infrastructures, is the predominant operational environment in which Army forces currently operate. Each urban environment is unique and differs because of the combinations presented by the enemy, the urban area itself, the major operation of which it may be part (or the focus), and always changing societal and geopolitical considerations. Enemy forces will take advantage of this complex environment by intermingling with the populace. ATTP 3-06.11 describes the fundamental principles, tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) of urban operations (UO) across full spectrum operations, using the UO operational construct (understand, shape, engage, consolidate, and transition) to outline the discussions. ATTP 3-06.11 is based on current BCT structure and lessons learned from ongoing UO. ATTP 3-06.11 primarily addresses offensive and defensive operations in an urban environment. Stability operations are briefly discussed in the context of transition considerations. Stability operations are inherently among the people and generally in urban environments. Field manual (FM) 3-07 is the source manual for stability doctrine and addresses BCT considerations for conducting stability UO. FM 3-07.1 is the primary source for BCT and below considerations for interaction and support to host nation (HN) security forces. This material is not repeated in ATTP 3-06.11. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated. The proponent for this publication is the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). The preparing agency is the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE). Urban operations are among the most difficult and challenging missions a BCT can undertake. Most UO are planned and controlled at division or corps level but executed by BCTs. The unified action environment of UO enables and enhances the capabilities of the BCT to plan, prepare, and execute offensive, defensive, and stability operations. Urban operations are Infantry-centric combined arms operations that capitalize on the adaptive and innovative leaders at the squad, platoon, and company level. Combined arms is the synchronized and simultaneous application of the elements of combat power to achieve an effect greater than if each element of combat power was used separately or sequentially. The eight elements of combat power are leadership, information, movement and maneuver, intelligence, fires, sustainment, mission command, and protection. Leadership and information are applied through, and multiply the effects of, the other six elements of combat power. These six-movement and maneuver, intelligence, fires, sustainment, mission command, and protection-are collectively described as the warfighting functions. (See FM 3-0 for details.) The BCT is the Army's largest fixed combined arms organization and the primary close combat force. A key component in UO is the inherent ability of the BCT to tailor its force to meet the requirements of the urban environment. This introduction provides an overview of UO considerations that shape the subsequent discussions of operations at BCT and below.

This Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (ATTP) is intended to help company-level leaders understand the principles and techniques of camouflage, concealment, and decoys (CCD). To remain viable, all units must apply CCD to personnel and equipment. Ignoring a threat's ability to detect friendly operations on the battlefield is shortsighted and dangerous. Friendly units enhance their survivability capabilities if they are well versed in CCD principles and techniques. CCD is equal in importance to marksmanship, maneuver, and mission. It is an integral part of a soldier's duty. CCD encompasses individual and unit efforts such as movement, light, and noise discipline; letter control; dispersal; and deception operations. Each soldier's actions must contribute to the unit's overall CCD posture to maximize effectiveness. Increased survivability is the goal of a CCD plan. A unit commander must encourage each soldier to think of survivability and CCD as synonymous terms. Training soldiers to recognize this correlation instills a greater appreciation of CCD values. A metric conversion chart is provided in appendix A. This publication applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated. The proponent of this publication is United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC).

The Army continues enhancing its capability to plan and provide effective operational contract support (OCS) for deployed Army and Joint forces. Operational tempo and reduced force structure has created a greater reliance upon commercial support to augment uniformed capabilities. Because of the unique nature of contracted support in contingency operations, the Army has made a concerted effort to improve our capability to plan and effectively integrate OCS into full spectrum operations. While OCS provides a commercial means to fulfill Army requirements, the overall responsibility for mission accomplishment remains with the commander; not with the contracting support organization. This new Army tactics, techniques and procedures (ATTP) manual is written for Army operational commanders and their non-acquisition officer staffs. It is applicable from brigade to Army Service Component Command levels. It provides "how to" guidance for planning, requirements preparation, and integration of OCS into combat operations. This ATTP will also facilitate the effective transition from combat to security and stability operations. Application of this ATTP will enable Army operational commanders, and their staffs, to efficiently obtain and effectively utilize available commercial support in a theater of operations. This Army Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (ATTP) manual provides operational contract support (OCS) "how to" guidance for Army Force commanders and their non- acquisition officer staffs. It is applicable from brigade to Army Service Component Command levels. It serves as the primary reference document for execution of OCS planning and integration and oversight tasks laid out in the Common Battle Staff Task 71-8-4150, Coordinate Contracting Support and AR 715-9, Operational Contract Support Planning and Management. This publication also serves as the primary reference document for the Army Logistic University's OCS Course.

ATTP 3-21.9 describes how the Stryker Brigade Combat Team (SBCT) Infantry rifle platoons and squads fight. ATTP 3-21.9 discusses how they operate as Infantry, mounted in their Stryker Infantry carrier vehicles (ICVs), with the ICV in support, and as part of the Stryker rifle company. The content includes principles, tactics, techniques, procedures, terms, and symbols that apply to small-unit operations. ATTP 3-21.9 is intentionally designed as a companion manual to FM 3-21.8. Many of the subjects covered in FM 3-21.8 are not only mutually applicable to the Stryker platoons and squads but also nearly identical and need not be republished. Because of this, ATTP 3-21.9 focuses on the unique characteristics and capabilities of the Stryker platoons and squads. Major areas reduced, or not included in this manual, are covered in detail in FM 3-21.8 and include—• Dismounted tactical movement.• Employing fires.• Troop-leading procedures (TLP).• Sustainment.• Air defense.• Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) operations.• Composite risk management.• Fratricide avoidance.• Urban operations (UO).• Sniper operations.• Patrols.• Employment of the dismounted element's weapons.• Platoon and squad fire planning.• Air assault operations.• Defeating improvised explosive devices (IED).• Obstacle reduction and employment.• Dismounted fighting positions.These are basic skills that Stryker small units and their leaders must understand, practice, and execute. Their absence from ATTP 3-21.9 in no way diminishes their importance. Rather, they are fundamental skills applicable to all Infantry units and leaders.To fully understand operations of the SBCT Infantry platoons and squads, leaders should also study FM 3-21.11, FM 3-20.151, Infantry platoon tasks on the Digital Training Management System (accessible on Army Knowledge Online [AKO]), Soldier's Manual of Common Tasks, and other manuals listed in the references.ATTP 3-21.9 supersedes FM 3-21.9, published in December 2002. The contents of the older manual are based primarily on the SBCT concept paper and interviews conducted during visits to the first Stryker-equipped units as they organized at Fort Lewis. ATTP 3-21.9 includes changes based on operational experience of deployed SBCT units. It also incorporates information on current Infantry platoon and squad tactics, the employment of the ICV, and the integration of command and control (C2) systems during combat.The target audience for ATTP 3-21.9 comprises SBCT platoon and squad leaders, SBCT Soldiers, and those that desire an understanding of how they fight and operate. ATTP 3-21.9 applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/ArmyNational Guard of the United States, and the United States Army Reserves unless otherwise stated.The proponent for this publication is the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). The preparing agency is the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE).

This Army and Marine Corps multiservice publication serves as doctrinal reference for the employment of mortar squads, sections, and platoons. It contains guidance on tactics and techniques that mortar units use to execute their part of combat operations described in battalion-, squadron-, troop-, and company-level manuals. This publication also contains guidance on how a mortar unit's fires and displacement are best planned and employed to sustain a commander's intent for fire support. The target audience of this publication includes mortar squad, section, and platoon leaders, company and battalion commanders, battalion staff officers, and all others responsible for controlling and coordinating fire support during combined arms operations. Training developers also use this manual as a source document for combat critical tasks. Combat developers use this manual when refining and revising operational concepts for Infantry and reconnaissance mortar organizations. This publication serves as the primary reference for both resident and nonresident mortar tactical employment instruction. This publication is not intended to be used alone. It is part of a set of doctrinal and training publications that together provide the depth and detail necessary to train and employ mortar units. Users must be familiar with appropriate company- and battalion-level maneuver manuals as well as mortar-related drills and collective tasks. When employing mortars, Army and Marine Corps units use similar tactics and techniques. However, the differences are few at the battalion command level and below. Differences between the services' terms and definitions are more apparent when introducing or discussing general subjects, such as warfighting functions, tactical operations, and unit organizations. Detailed explanations of these differences are beyond the scope of this manual. They are, however, identified where appropriate and different terms are combined when possible. For example, sustainment/logistics is used to identify the Army's sustainment and the Marine Corps' logistic functions. Readers should refer to their own service's manuals for more detailed explanations. Some common Army and Marine Corps terms have slightly different acronyms and, where needed, have been combined. For example, this manual uses FIST/FiST to represent a fire support team when addressing both services. Wherever possible, the use of acronyms has been minimized in this manual. This publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), United States Army Reserve (USAR), Marine Corps, and Marine Corps Reserve unless otherwise stated. The proponent of this publication is the United States Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). The preparing agency is the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE).

This United States Army Multi-Service manual, Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-52.2 TAGS Multi-Service Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for The Theater Air-Ground System May 2020, provides a generic concept and procedures for TAGS operations. It is a framework for all planners to facilitate the integration of air and ground operations. The theater air-ground system (TAGS) is a conglomeration of systems. For the purpose of this publication, TAGS refers to organizations, personnel, equipment, and procedures that participate in planning and executing all air-ground operations. Understanding the chain of command and systems comprising TAGS allows it to be maximized, providing the ability to create quick and decisive combat results. The objective of this publication is to describe how each of the Service component's systems operate within the TAGS. TAGS combines each Service's command and control (C2) and airspace control system into a multi-domain framework, allowing each Service to operate as part of a unified effort in support of the joint force commander (JFC).This MTTP publication applies to all commanders and their staffs. This publication is approved for public release with Distribution Statement A, in accordance with Department of Defense Directive Instruction 5230.24, Distribution Statements on Technical Documents.TAGS incorporates the Army air-ground system (AAGS), Marine air command and control system (MACCS), Navy tactical air control system (NTACS), special operations air-ground system (SOAGS), and the theater air control system (TACS) into one system. Each Service component's air-ground system is designed to facilitate C2 of its operations and interface with the TAGS. The roles, responsibilities, and authorities of each TAGS element is spelled out in theater-wide documents, such as the area air defense plan (AADP), airspace control plan (ACP), and operational task link (OPTASKLINK). When delegated tasks and authorities exceed the component commander's scope of operations, the responsibilities and authorities are included in the special instructions (SPINS).This United States Government TTP publication is known as: Army Techniques Publication ATP 3-52.2 Marine Corps Reference Publication MCRP 3-20.1 Navy Tactical Techniques Publication NTTP 3-56.2 Air Force Tactics Techniques and Procedures AFTTP 3-2.17

This Army Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (ATTP) publication provides the doctrinal framework and tactical employment principles for the dismounted reconnaissance troop in the Infantry Brigade Combat Team's Reconnaissance Squadron. It is a companion to FM 3-21.10, The Infantry Rifle Company, and FM 3-20.971, Reconnaissance and Cavalry Troop, much of which applies to the dismounted reconnaissance troop and as such will not be repeated herein. This ATTP publication provides principles, tactics, techniques, and procedures for the employment of the dismounted reconnaissance troop throughout the spectrum of conflict.In-depth coverage of major topics covered in FM 3-21.10, but limited in discussion here, includes preparation for war; troop-leading procedures; battle command and control; offensive and defensive operations; risk management and fratricide avoidance; operations in a chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear environment; Army health service support; media considerations; pattern analysis; and situation understanding.This ATTP publication applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard/Army National Guard of the U.S., and U.S. Army Reserve, unless otherwise stated.This publication is specifically directed toward the dismounted reconnaissance troop commander, executive officer, first sergeant, subordinate leaders, and all supporting units. It focuses on the actions of the dismounted troop as related to the reconnaissance squadron, and the employment capabilities of the troop relative to its sister motorized reconnaissance troops. Specific emphasis is given to section and platoon operations when necessary. For additional section and platoon reconnaissance operations, see FM 3-20.98, Reconnaissance and Scout Platoon.This publication also--• Provides doctrinal guidance for commanders, staffs, and leaders of the organizations, and personnel responsible for planning, preparing, executing, and assessing operations of the dismounted reconnaissance troop. It is also useful for military instructors, evaluators, training and doctrine developers, and Infantry commanders, officers, and noncommissioned officers.• Updates existing doctrine based on current operations and higher doctrinal concepts and terminology, lessons learned from recent combat experiences, and training at the Joint Readiness Training Center.• Reflects and supports Army operations doctrine as covered in FM 3-0, Operations; FM 3-90, Tactics; FM 3-90.6, The Brigade Combat Team; FM 3-20.96, Reconnaissance and Cavalry Squadron; and FM 3-20.971, Reconnaissance and Cavalry Troop. It is not a stand-alone reference for reconnaissance operations. It is intended to be used in conjunction with these and other existing doctrinal resources.The proponent for this publication is the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command. The preparing agency is the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence.