A collection of artwork featuring 500 handmade clay tiles from press-molded pieces to carved works.

In developing countries building costs must be kept to a minimum by using appropriate materials and techniques. The fibre or micro-concrete tile is one such example.; This memorandum gives detailed information for small and medium-scale contractors on the raw materials, equipment and production methods used, as well as a simplified way of estimating production costs. It also offers advice to planners on the socio-economic effects of adopting this technology.

Laxton's gives you access to the most reliable and current data. All 250,000 price elements have been individually checked and updated for the 2002 edition so that your estimates are always accurate and cost competitive. Laxton's makes analytical estimating simple and straightforward by displaying a complete breakdown for all measured items under 10 separate headings, all on a single page. This shows you a complete price build-up at a glance - and gives you the option to make price adjustments wherever necessary. You can find the sections you need quickly and easily, via the special marker system on the front cover and page edges. The free CD with this price book contains Masterbill's ESTIMATOR software and fully resourced data on all the price elements in Laxtons. Not only does the CD offer fast and efficient pricing at the touch of a button, it gives details of all the resources required to do the job. Laxton's approximate estimating section gives all in pricing for quick reference on the cost of composite items such as floors helping you calculate the cost implications of using plywood sheeting rather than softwood boarding, for example. Laxton's Basic Price section gives you a quick price on hundreds of items - from concrete work to roofing materials - to save you going through hundreds of lists from suppliers, manufacturers and building merchants. Laxton's Brand and Trade Names section lists over 12,000 brands and trade names and company addresses to help you locate specific items. Latest wage rates, fees and allowances All 250,000 price elements checked and updated

A range of factors are all combining to propel input cost inflation. Higher international logistics costs, returning demand from industry workload, and higher global metals prices are some of the ingredients to quicker building cost inflation. Whilst some EU materials exporters to the UK are adjusting to Brexit, other EU exporters ― initially smaller or specialist firms hit proportionally harder ― are now deciding not to supply the UK at all, because the additional red tape involved makes it not commercially viable. If this trend replicates across the whole EU to UK supply chain, visible disruption and higher prices are likely until other sources of supply begin to increase in volume and step in to address these supply issues. Among other exporters continuing to supply the UK, significant price increases are being applied to cover the permanent Brexit non-tariff barriers and additional administrative processes. SPON’S ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ PRICE BOOK 2022, compiled by AECOM, still provides the most accurate, detailed and professionally relevant construction price information for the UK. Its unique Tender Index, updated through the year (2015 = 100), gives an ongoing reality check and allows you to adjust for changing market conditions. Although it suits a wide range of project sizes, this is the only price book which sets out a detailed cost base for contracts exceeding £4,000,000 in value. Use the access code inside the front cover of the book to get set up with an ebook of this 2022 edition on the VitalSource® Bookshelf platform, available for access and use until the end of December 2022. As well as an overhaul of prices, 145 new items have been added including: Two new Cost Models for school refurbishment Primary Healthcare Fit-Out Plus, expanded range of cast iron rainwater goods expanded range of matwells expanded range of vinyl floor finishes Ecotherm insulation Along with the standard features you have come to expect from SPON’S ARCHITECTS’ AND BUILDERS’ PRICE BOOK: 20,000 prices for the most frequently specified items, the majority with labour constants and detailed build-ups Hundreds of alternative materials prices for the more unusual items Detailed guidance on wage rates, daywork, cost limits and allowances, property insurance and professional fees, plus useful formulae, design criteria and trade association addresses Updates, free of charge, twice a year – see inside for registration details. Updates are available online at www.pricebooks.co.uk

This volume is one of the most important works on ancient Athens in the last fifty years. The focus is on the early city, from the end of the Bronze Age--ca. 1200 BCE--to the Archaic period, when Athens became the largest city of the Classical period, only to be destroyed by the Persians in 480/479 BCE. From a systematic study of all the excavation reports and surveys in central Athens, the author has synthesized a detailed diachronic overview of the city from the Submycenaean period through the Archaic. It is a treasure trove of information for archaeologists who work in this period. Of great value as well are the detailed maps included, which present features of ancient settlements and cemeteries, the repositories of the human physical record. Over eighty additional large-scale, interactive maps are available online to complement the book.

Written for students taking courses in building and surveying, 'Estimating for Builders and Surveyors' describes and explains the method used by the estimator to build up prices or rates for items described in the SMM7 format. Each chapter is a self-contained unit related to a particular element in the building. Worked examples throughout reflect both traditional and up-to-date technology. Written by an author team of academics and professional surveyors, this book continues to be an invaluable introduction to the subject of estimating.