This publication highlights the use of wood for energy and includes the most recent statistics on wood energy markets across the UNECE region. It aims to communicate the relevance of wood energy in the region and help bridge information about the forest and energy sectors. It also intends to offer some of the best-available information on the role that wood energy can play in various sectors to support environmental, energy, and socio-economic strategies toward a greener economy. It focuses on commercial wood energy uses in the UNECE including energy generated for cooking, heating and electricity generation.

There has been a recent resurgence of interest in wood energy as part of a sustainable range of renewable energy options. This book addresses the current gap in the energy and public policy literature for a reference book that compiles the most-recent wood energy assessments, and evaluates current and potential future wood energy uses and the role for public policy to foster efficient use of the most-widely consumed renewable energy in the world. It brings together a group of expert authors covering topics from forest management, operations and engineering, to socio-economics and energy policy perspectives. It thus covers practical issues such as silviculture, harvesting, processing, comparative cost estimates, public policy tools and market effects. As such the book provides a comprehensive review of the complex dimensions of wood energy as well as practical guidance for professionals, researchers and advanced students. It will also provide invaluable guidance for economic development agencies, practitioners and policy-makers, when evaluating the impacts of wider wood energy adoption as part of a strategy for sustainable energy generation. The main focus is on industrialised production and developed economies, particularly the USA and Europe.

It is our conviction - based on many years of teaching and practical experience - that professional skill in forestry will develop more rea dily and more efficiently if forestry students are presented with a clear understanding, at an early stage, of the impact of the physical factors that both enhance and inhibit forestry activities. Tnis know ledge is best aquired by adressing the physical world of forestry with a set of analytical tools through which an almost infinite number of variables can be listed in order, be measured and their interaction be explored and resolved. This is the main purpose of this joint effort, presented in two volumes, Part I and Part II. Part I is analytic, written as a basic text for undergraduates in cour ses such as logging, transport, forest engineering and even forest ma nagement. It deals with the fundamentals of technology in forestry as determined by the physical environment. Briefly it can be visualized as the application of forestry wi thin the parameters: space, time and energy. Forestry is a process with a long time horizon. Free solar energy creates biomass which, with the aid of other forms of energy, is converted into products and services. A knowledge of the dependecies and interactions is indiGpensible for the forestry profession. The analytic approach serves two purposes: to bring about a clear un derstanding of the real world of forest and to develop tools through which efficiency and productivity can be explored and improved.

The study Green Jobs in the Forest Sector provides an overview of existing Green Forest Jobs and identifies possible areas for future activities and jobs in the forest sector, and may serve as starting point for further analysis and discussion on the future of Green Forest Jobs. It offers a framework for classifying Green Forest Jobs under seven thematic work areas, outlined in the seven main sections of the study, with a particular focus on major trends, needs and challenges as well as opportunities and prospects for the forest sector. The findings suggest that to promote Green Jobs in the forest sector it is key to: (i) look at forest ecosystem services management as the frame for Green Forest Jobs; (ii) recognize the progress made in the development of Green Forest Jobs and to identify avenues for the future; (iii) enhance the public perception of jobs in the forest sector; (iv) revise existing curricula and develop new ones for catering to the needs of the sector to close the skills gaps; and (v) to facilitate an inclusive transition to green economy through training and support.

This report addresses the role of forest products in replacing fossil-based and GHG-intensive products. The overarching objective is to provide recommendations to strengthen the contribution of substitution by forest products to sustainable development. To that end, this report firstly provides an overview of the understanding of the bioeconomy and the role of forest products across the world. Secondly, we present examples of conventional and innovative forest products and describe their role in the bioeconomy. Thirdly, we present a review of the quantitative and qualitative understanding of the environmental impacts and benefits of substituting fossil fuel-based or -intensive products with forest-based products, and of the contribution of substitution to SDGs. Fourthly, we outline the current understanding of the future global demand and supply dynamics of forest products and the potential impact that increased substitution may have on these dynamics. Fifthly, we identify gaps in the global forest product value chain. Finally, it provides recommendations and conclusions, respectively.

Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 will, to a great degree, depend on implementing a “circular economy”. In the forest sector, this relates to how we manage forests and use forest products. The Forest Products Annual Market Review covers recent trends, policies and market intelligence on forest products along with production, consumption and trade statistics for the UNECE region; all of which are critical to the role of forests in creating a more circular economy.

The strong commitment of the international community, and especially the CPF members, to provide the information necessary for monitoring progress towards global goals, targets and indicators in a comprehensive, efficient, timely and meaningful way led to the idea of developing a global core set of forest-related indicators (GCS). The aim was to simplify and harmonize concepts and terminology while respecting the needs of all potential users. The concrete work on the GCS was initiated in 2016 through an organization-led initiative on the development of global forest indicators. Following the recommendation of this initiative, the CPF members established a GCS taskforce, which developed the GCS. The GCS was presented to the United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF) and FAO’s Committee on Forestry, which welcomed the progress made in developing the GCS and acknowledged its value for assessing progress and better focusing data-collection efforts to reduce duplication. The two bodies also encouraged the application of those indicators that are ready to use and requested the CPF to continue developing the remaining indicators, particularly those that may require additional efforts but are manageable through various data sources. This is an accompanying document of the FAO report, State of the World’s Forests 2022 (SOFO 2022). It provides an overview of the GCS and presents the latest data on the status and trends of the 21 indicators. SOFO 2022, which examines three potential forest pathways for addressing global challenges, is available separately.

Available online: https://pub.norden.org/temanord2022-540/ Condensable primary organic aerosols are a class of compounds that are vapour phase at stack conditions, but which can undergo both condensation and evaporation as the stack air is cooled and diluted upon discharge into ambient air. In the current emission reporting to the Air Convention, some countries include, and some exclude such emissions in their inventories. In this study, new residential combustion emission estimates have been developed for the years 2005-2019, with improved and consistent estimation of condensable emissions. A series of modelling runs has shown that condensables can have significant effects on air quality, trends, and source-receptor relationships, but many scientific issues remain concerning their characteristics. However, these new emissions provide the best available basis for future improvements in both the emission inventories and model formulations.