This book looks at the first eight Sanskrit law codes written in India, between 600 BCE and 570 ACE. It focuses on the legal, religious and ethical customs which were codified in this period and their impact on the social and political life of women. The volume analyzes texts such as the Dharma Sūtras, the Arthaśāstra, the Manu Smŗiti, the Yājňyavalkya Smŗiti, and Nārada Smŗiti, amongst others. It studies discourses on justice, conduct, virtues and duties, and how early laws were used to systematize patriarchy and the varna caste system in South Asia. It examines how patrimonial laws and male property rights highlighted social anxieties about female chastity and varna lineage, which led to the subordination of women and the lower varnas. These anxieties are most evident in codes from the late Vedic and early classical eras when diverse new settlers arrived upon the subcontinent. At this time, kings decentralized governance and allowed local groups to practice communal laws, while they meted out court justice with a specific law code. As the state became prosperous from trade conducted by merchants of diverse castes, sects, and classes, and social peace was ensured by officials from disparate backgrounds, kings began to rely upon a law code that aspired for equity above intolerance. These chapters examine heterodox Therāvada Buddhism and Jainism, their origins in the oligarchic state, their impact on the royal Sanskritic state, as seen in canonical literature. They especially focus on women’s roles in heterodox sects, and the emergence of new spaces for women, as such changes were adopted in disparate ways and degrees by other South Asian communities. The volume will be a useful resource for students and researchers of history, women and gender studies, social anthropology, sociology, and law. It will also serve as an information guide for readers who are interested in the political, and social life of women in early India

This book looks at the first eight Sanskrit law codes written in India, between 600 BCE-570 ACE. It focuses on the legal, religious and ethical customs which were codified in this period and their impact on the social and political life of women. The volume analyzes texts such as the major Dharma Sūtras, the Arthaśāstra, the Manu Smŗiti, and the Yāĵňyavalkya Smŗiti, and Nāradā Smŗiti, amongst others. It looks at how discourses on justice, conduct, virtues and duties were used to systematize patriarchy and the varna system in South Asia. This volume studies the laws and customs on marriage, patrimony, and property, and it highlights the anxieties around female chastity and varna lineage which led to the subordination of women and the lower varnas. The chapters also examine the emergence of heterodox movements, such as Therāvada Buddhism and Jainism, and their literature from the Later Vedic Era and the Classical Era. It examines the role of women in these heterodox sects, and the emergence of new spaces for women, as these changes were adopted in disparate ways and degrees by other South Asian communities. The volume will be a useful resource for students and researchers of history, women and gender studies, social anthropology, sociology, and law. It will also serve as an information guide for readers who are interested in the political, and social life of women in early India

"The Great Mathematicians of Bharat" emerges as a seminal work, aligning perfectly with the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which emphasizes the integration and appreciation of Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) in contemporary education. This book meticulously documents the rich legacy of India's mathematical geniuses, serving as a crucial resource in rekindling interest and respect for Bharat's profound mathematical traditions. It underscores the symbiotic relationship between cultural ethos and scientific inquiry, highlighting how Indian mathematicians not only contributed to the field of mathematics but also how their work was deeply interwoven with Hindu spiritual and cultural practices. By chronicling the journey from ancient sages to modern masters, the book provides a comprehensive view of the evolution of mathematical thought in Bharat, thus fulfilling NEP 2020's objective of integrating indigenous knowledge with modern academic frameworks. In doing so, it not only educates but also inspires, setting a precedent for future academic endeavours to explore and celebrate India's rich intellectual heritage.

"The law codes of ancient India"--Cover.

Are Indian women powerful mother goddesses, or domestic handmaidens trailing behind men in literacy, wages, opportunities, and rights? Have they been agents of their own destinies, or voiceless victims of patriarchy? Behind these colorful over-simplifications lies the reality of many feminine personas belonging to various classes, ethnicities, religions, and castes. This two-volume set looks at Indian history from ancient to modern times, revealing precisely why ideas of gender rights were not static across eras or regions. Raman's work is a reflection on the various ways in which women in a non-Western culture have developed and expressed their own feminist agenda. Are Indian women powerful mother goddesses, or domestic handmaidens trailing behind men in literacy, wages, opportunities, and rights? Have they been agents of their own destinies, or voiceless victims of patriarchy? Behind these coloful over-simplifications lies the reality of many feminine personas belonging to various classes, ethnicities, religions, and castes. This two-volume set looks at Indian history from ancient to modern times, revealing precisely why ideas of gender rights were not static across eras or regions. Raman's work is a reflection on the various ways in which women in a non-western culture have developed and expressed their own feminist agenda. Individual chapters highlight the enduring legacies of many important male and female figures, illustrating how each played a key role in modifying the substance of women's lives. Political movements are examined as well, such as the nationalist reform movement of 1947 in which the ideal of Indian womanhood became central to the nation and the push for independence. Also included is a survey of women in contemporary India and the role they played in the resurgence of militant Hindu nationalism. Aside from being an engaging and readable narrative of Indian history, this set integrates women's issues, roles, and achievements into the general study of the times, providing a clear presentation of the social, cultural, religious, political, and economic realities that have helped shape the identity of Indian women.

The Novel Presented In The Work Has Strong Autobiographical Elements - Vividly Describes The Quaint And Terrible Vice Of Gender Injustice In Which Both Tamil Brahmin Men And Women Of The Time Were Caught. 2 Parts - Part I Biography - Part Ii Novella - Note On Transliteration - Epilogue - Songs From Podhu Dharma Sadgeeta Manjeri. Of Interest To General Readers - Students Of Literature - Literature In Translation And Social History.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

First published by the Clarendon Press in 1961, this authoritative work is based largely on the edicts of Asoka, whose policies are analysed against the background of Mauryan civilization during the third and fourth centuries BC. This is a thoroughly revised edition, with a substantial new afterword by the author, a revised bibliography and index, and a map showing new archaeological sites.