Williams' controversial volumes, The Tragedy of AmericanDiplomacy, Contours of American History, and other works have established him as the foremost interpreter of US foreign policy. Both Williams and others deeply influenced by him have recast not only diplomatic history but also the story of pioneer America's westward movement, and studies in the culture of imperialism. At the end of the Cold War, when the US no longer faces any great enemy, the lessons of William Appleman Williams' life and scholarship have become more urgent than ever before. This study of his life and major works offers readers an opportunity to introduce, or re-introduce, themselves to a major figure of the last half-century.

In this pioneering book, "the man who has really put the counter-tradition together in its modern form" (Saturday Review) examines the profound contradictions between America's ideals and its uses of its vast power, from the Open Door Notes of 1898 to the Bay of Pigs and the Vietnam War.

When he died in 1990, William Appleman Williams was arguably the most influential and controversial of a generation of historians that came of age after World War II. Williams's revisionist writings, especially those dealing with American diplomatic history and the cold war, forced historians and other thinkers and policymakers to abandon old cliche's and confront disturbing questions about America's behavior in the world. Williams saw history as "a way of learning" and applied the principle brilliantly in books and essays which have altered our vision of the American past and present. In this rich collection, Henry Berger has drawn from Williams's most important writings - including The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, The Contours of American History, and The Roots of the Modern American Empire - to present his key arguments. There are selections in all, from books, essays, and articles, including two never before published. Mr. Berger has added notes to the selections and an enlightening introduction which explores Williams's career and ideas. Williams defined America's social, moral, constitutional, and economic development in uncompromising, iconoclastic, and original terms. Shunning the realist school of historical interpretation, he drew from the teachings of Spinoza, Marx, and Wilhelm Dilthey in his "process of choosing how I would make sense out of the world". His task, as he saw it, was to explore how distinct elements of historical development could together reveal the dynamic relationships of the reality in which it occurred. "Reality", he wrote, "involves how a political act is also an economic act, or how an economic decision is a political choice, or of how an idea offreedom involves a commitment to a particular economic system". These selections from Williams's key writings offer a valuable introduction as well as an intelligent guide to one of America's most important historical thinkers.

An incisive economic and political history of the Panama Canal On August 15, 1914, the Panama Canal officially opened for business, forever changing the face of global trade and military power, as well as the role of the United States on the world stage. The Canal's creation is often seen as an example of U.S. triumphalism, but Noel Maurer and Carlos Yu reveal a more complex story. Examining the Canal's influence on Panama, the United States, and the world, The Big Ditch deftly chronicles the economic and political history of the Canal, from Spain's earliest proposals in 1529 through the final handover of the Canal to Panama on December 31, 1999, to the present day. The authors show that the Canal produced great economic dividends for the first quarter-century following its opening, despite massive cost overruns and delays. Relying on geographical advantage and military might, the United States captured most of these benefits. By the 1970s, however, when the Carter administration negotiated the eventual turnover of the Canal back to Panama, the strategic and economic value of the Canal had disappeared. And yet, contrary to skeptics who believed it was impossible for a fledgling nation plagued by corruption to manage the Canal, when the Panamanians finally had control, they switched the Canal from a public utility to a for-profit corporation, ultimately running it better than their northern patrons. A remarkable tale, The Big Ditch offers vital lessons about the impact of large-scale infrastructure projects, American overseas interventions on institutional development, and the ability of governments to run companies effectively.