First Published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

There are twenty-nine Islamic law states (ILS) in the world today, and their Muslim population is over 900 million. Muslims in these countries--and, to some extent, all Muslims--are ethically, morally, doctrinally, or politically committed to the Islamic legal tradition, a unique logic and culture of justice based on nonconfrontational dispute resolution. In Islamic Law and International Law, Emilia Justyna Powell examines the differences and similarities between the Islamic legal tradition and international law, focusing in particular on the issue of conflict management and resolution. In many Islamic Law States, Islamic law displaces secular law in state governance and shapes these countries' international dealings. Powell considers why some of Islamic Law States accept international courts while others avoid them, stressing throughout that we cannot make blanket claims about such states. Each relationship is context-specific, hinging on the nature of the domestic legal system. Moreover, not all of these states are Islamic to the same degree or in the same way. Secular law and religious law fuse in different ways in different domestic legal systems. Often, the Islamic legal tradition points in one direction, while the Western-based, secularized international law points in another. However, Powell argues that Islamic legal tradition contains elements that are compatible with modern international law. She marshals original data on the legal systems structures in thirty Islamic Law States over the entire course of the post-World War Two era, and she draws from in-depth interviews with Islamic law scholars and leading practitioners of international law, including judges of the International Court of Justice. Rich in empirical evidence, this book will reshape how we think about the relationship between ILS and the international system.

The Second International Conference on Hybrid Learning was organized by the School of Continuing and Professional Studies of The Chinese University of Hong Kong and University of Macau in August 2009. ICHL 2009 was an inventive experience for the Hong Kong and Macau tertiary higher education. The conference aims to provide a good platform for knowledge exchange on hybrid learning by focusing on student centered education. The technique is to supplement traditional classroom learning with eLearning. The slogan is “Education leads eLearning,” not vice versa. The me- odology is that at least 30% of learning activities are done by eLearning. The outcome is for students to learn at any time at any place. eLearning can increase students’ lea- ing productivity and reduce teachers’ administration workload alike. It is a new culture for students, teachers and school administrators to adopt in the twenty-first century. The conference obtained sponsorship from Pei Hua Education Foundation Limited, City University of Hong Kong, ACM Hong Kong Section, and Hong Kong Computer Society. Hybrid learning originated from North America in 2000, and is an ongoing trend. It is not merely a simple combination of direct teaching and eLearning. It encompasses different learning strategies and important elements for teaching and learning. It - phasizes outcome-based teaching and learning, and provides an environment for knowledge learning. Students are given more opportunities to be active learners and practice practical skills such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking, cr- tivity, self-management, self-study, problem solving, analysis and numeracy.

J.K. Evans’ pioneering work explores the profound changes in the social, economic and legal condition of Roman women, which, it is argued, were necessary consequences of two centuries of near-continuous warfare as Rome expanded from city-state to empire. Bridging the gap that has isolated the specialised studies of Roman women and children from the more traditional political and social concerns of historians, J.K. Evans’ investigation ranges from Cicero’s wife Terentia to the anonymous spouse of the peasant-soldier Ligustinus, charting the severe erosion of the very institutions that kept women and children in thrall. War, Women and Children in Ancient Rome will be of interest not only to classicists and historians of antiquity but also to sociologists and anthropologists, while it will similarly prove an indispensable reference work for historians of women and the family.

Some vols. include supplemental journals of "such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House."