Using numerous mathematical and numerical techniques of diffraction theory, Waves in Focal Regions: Propagation, Diffraction and Focusing of Light, Sound and Water Waves provides a full and richly illustrated description of waves in focal regions. Unlike most books, the author treats electromagnetic, acoustic, and water waves in one comprehensive volume. After an introductory section, the book describes approximate diffraction theories and efficient numerical methods to study the focusing of various kinds of waves. It then covers the physical interpretation of the theories, their accuracy, and the computational savings obtained, emphasizing uniform asymptotic results that remain valid in the vicinity of shadow boundaries and caustics. The next part deals with the focusing of scalar waves, including thorough theoretical analyses and detailed contour maps of diffraction patterns in focal regions for a variety of different system parameters, such as f-number, Frensel number, aperture shape, amplitude distribution, and wavefront aberration. The author proceeds to explore the diffraction and focusing of electromagnetic waves. First solutions are derived for fields radiated by sources, reflected and refracted at plane interfaces, or diffracted by apertures in plane screens, and then these solutions are applied to study the focusing in homogeneous media and through a plane dielectric interface. In both cases, the author includes many computed results of the electromagnetic field distribution near focus. Presenting both theoretical and experimental results, the following part examines the focusing of sound and water waves by means of zone-plate lenses. The book concludes with a detailed study of the diffraction and focusing of water waves and a comparison of the results of both linear and nonlinear theories with those of experiments.

Using numerous mathematical and numerical techniques of diffraction theory, Waves in Focal Regions: Propagation, Diffraction and Focusing of Light, Sound and Water Waves provides a full and richly illustrated description of waves in focal regions. Unlike most books, the author treats electromagnetic, acoustic, and water waves in one comprehensive volume. After an introductory section, the book describes approximate diffraction theories and efficient numerical methods to study the focusing of various kinds of waves. It then covers the physical interpretation of the theories, their accuracy, and the computational savings obtained, emphasizing uniform asymptotic results that remain valid in the vicinity of shadow boundaries and caustics. The next part deals with the focusing of scalar waves, including thorough theoretical analyses and detailed contour maps of diffraction patterns in focal regions for a variety of different system parameters, such as f-number, Frensel number, aperture shape, amplitude distribution, and wavefront aberration. The author proceeds to explore the diffraction and focusing of electromagnetic waves. First solutions are derived for fields radiated by sources, reflected and refracted at plane interfaces, or diffracted by apertures in plane screens, and then these solutions are applied to study the focusing in homogeneous media and through a plane dielectric interface. In both cases, the author includes many computed results of the electromagnetic field distribution near focus. Presenting both theoretical and experimental results, the following part examines the focusing of sound and water waves by means of zone-plate lenses. The book concludes with a detailed study of the diffraction and focusing of water waves and a comparison of the results of both linear and nonlinear theories with those of experiments.

Shock wave research covers important inderdisciplinary areas which range from basic topics on gasdynamics, combustion and detonation, physico-chemistry of high temperature gases, plasma physics, astro and geophysics, materials science, astronautics and space technology to medical and industrial applications. This book includes 202 papers presented at the 18th the International Symposium on Shock Waves which describe the research frontier of shock wave phenopmena and 14 plenary lectures which show the state of the art of various fields of shock wave research. This proceedings is a unique collection of most important and updated shock wave research.

International Trends in Optics provides a broad view of work in the field of optics throughout the world. Topics range from quantum optoelectronics for optical processing to optics in telecommunications, along with microoptics, optical memories, and fiber-optic signal processing. Holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers are also considered. Comprised of 34 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to some of the practical applications of integrated optical circuits, optoelectronic integrated circuits, and photonic integrated circuits. Subsequent chapters deal with quantum optoelectronics for optical processing; fiber-optic signal processing; holographic optical elements for use with semiconductor lasers; potential uses of photorefractives; and adaptive interferometry that makes use of photorefractive crystals. Water wave optics and diffraction are also examined, together with the essential journals of optics and the opposition effect in volume and surface scattering. The final chapter is devoted to optical computing, with emphasis on its processing functions and architecture. This monograph will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in physics and electronics.

Diffractional Optics of Millimetre Waves combines those elements of diffraction theory normally associated with optics, including Gaussian beams, lenses, and mirrors, and extends them into the micro- and millimetre wavelength range. In this regime there are a number of applications in devices, such as automobile proximity sensors, satellite-TV receiving antennae, and non-destructive testing systems. Researchers working in these areas would benefit from greater understanding of the diffraction phenomena involved. A translated and updated version of the authors' book Diffraction Quasioptics, this book will present results formerly unavailable in the general literature.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Laser-Based Nano Fabrication and Nano Lithography" that was published in Nanomaterials

THE APPLICATION OF HEAT IN ONCOLOGY Understand the use of heat to destroy tumors with this comprehensive guide Heat is an indispensable resource in the destruction of cancerous tumors to potentially treat cancers. There are also real challenges, however, involved in the total destruction of tumors without destroying healthy tissue surrounding the tumor in the process. A detailed understanding of the propagation of thermal energy, induced heating, and tissue responses to heat is required to safely and successfully apply heat-based technologies in clinical oncology. The Application of Heat in Oncology supplies this understanding, with a thorough, comprehensive overview of the principle and practice involved. Offering both a detailed introduction to the physics and thermodynamics of induced heat and an analysis of its clinical applications, this is an essential resource for clinicians, technicians, and others in oncological practice. The Application of Heat in Oncology readers will also find: Guidelines for applying heat both safely and effectively Detailed discussion of topics including energy delivery (e.g., via RF, MW, ultrasound, laser, cryoagents, hyperthermia, nanoparticles, etc.), temperature assessment, damage assessment, image guidance, and more Summary of current practice along with suggestions for future areas of technological improvement The Application of Heat in Oncology is ideal for all clinicians working in the field of cancer treatment, including medical students, residents, researchers, engineers, radiologists, surgeons, and more.

Reprint from Pure and Applied Geophysics (PAGEOPH), Volume 140 (1993), No. 2