Water-Formed Deposits: Fundamentals and Mitigation Strategies wholly presents the important issue of deposits in aqueous systems, both industrial and biological. By analyzing causes, mechanisms and mitigation strategies, the book helps researchers/engineers/end-users gain a fundamental understanding of the issues underlying deposit formation and mitigation. It covers numerous, fundamental aspects of water-formed deposits, while also giving an applications' perspective. The book's goal is to assist the reader in his/her understanding of the important issues of scale formation, while also helping with potential solutions. - Provides a fundamental understanding of deposit formation by presenting basic science and mechanisms - Presents an "applications perspective - Reveals a systematic overview of deposit-related challenges and their mitigation - Correlates structure to performance in mitigation strategies - Analyzes current legal aspects and regulations - Includes case studies from the "real industrial world for the industrial reader/end user

These practices cover the sampling of water-formed deposits (scale, sludge, corrosion products, or biological deposits) for chemical, physical, biological, or radiological analysis. The practices cover both field and laboratory sampling. It also defines the various types of deposits.

Pure water in an uncorrodible vessel would never leave a deposit. Although this ideal case has been very nearly reached in some instances, deposits are still found in most water or steam systems. The examination and analysis of these deposits provides the person responsible for water treatment with information about phenomena in the water system, and will frequently indicate to him the means for correcting the condition that caused the deposit. This chapter covers the nature of water-formed deposits, the sampling of deposits for analysis, and methods for identification of the constituents of a deposit. Quantitative chemical analysis is dealt with in Chapter IX. Some of the instrumental methods discussed in this chapter are not at present widely used in the examination of water-formed deposits, but brief descriptions are included because there are instances where they can be used to advantage. Deposits may be divided into three general classes: inorganic, organic, and biological. Inorganic deposits result from corrosion of containing surfaces; from precipitation by chemical reaction between two or more constituents of the water; or precipitation from physical causes, such as change in solubility with pressure or temperature, by evaporation to dryness, or by relief of supersaturation. Closely akin to these, but still somewhat distinct, is the sedimentation of suspended matter.

A discussion of the composition of industrial water and water-formed deposits must include the terms used by different industries, methods of reporting results of analyses, methods of interpreting these analyses, and systems for converting results of analyses into other terms which may be better understood by the users of water. In addition, the composition of water must be classified so that a particular user can choose the best supply for his purpose or forecast what difficulties might arise from the use of the water available. A user should know the general composition ofhis water and how it varies. If deposits occur, he then should be able to identify or classify the type of deposit formed so that he can trace its source and determine remedies.