Parties to cross-border disputes arising anywhere in the vast Portuguese-speaking world – a community of more than 230 million in a space that offers a wide array of investment opportunities across four continents – increasingly seek Portugal as their preferred seat of arbitration. A signatory to all relevant international conventions, Portugal has proven to be an ‘arbitration-friendly’ jurisdiction. This volume is the first and so far only book in English that provides a thorough, in-depth analysis of international arbitration law and practice in Portugal. Its contributing authors are among the most highly regarded legal names in the country, including scholars, arbitrators, and practitioners. The authors describe how international arbitration proceedings are conducted in Portugal, what cautions should be taken, and what procedural strategies may be suitable in particular cases. They provide insightful answers to questions such as the following: What matters can be submitted to arbitration under Portuguese law? What are the validity requirements for an arbitration agreement? How do the State courts interact with arbitration proceedings and what is the attitude of such courts toward international arbitration? What are the rules governing evidentiary matters in arbitration? How is an arbitration tribunal constituted? How are arbitrators appointed? How may they be challenged? How can an international arbitral award be recognized and enforced? How does the Portuguese legal system address the issue of damages and what specific damages are admitted? How are the costs of arbitration proceedings estimated and allocated? The book includes analyses of arbitration related to specific fields of the law, notably sports, administrative, tax, intellectual property rights (especially regarding reference and generic medicines), and corporate disputes. Each chapter provides, for the topics it addresses, an examination of the applicable laws, rules, arbitration practice, and views taken by arbitral tribunals and state courts as well as those of the most highly considered scholars. As a detailed examination of the legal framework and of all procedural steps of an arbitration in Portugal, from the drafting of an arbitration agreement to the enforcement of an award, this book constitutes an invaluable resource for parties involved in or considering an international arbitration in this country. The guidance that it seeks to provide in respect of any problem likely to arise in this context can be useful to arbitrators, judges, academics, and interested lawyers.

Work Out Accounting GCSE has been written to cover all the syllabuses set by the major examining boards. Each chapter commences with an explanation of the accounting principles relating to a topic and the approach to be used in tackling examination questions in that area. This is followed by a section of fully worked examples and then a section of further questions for the reader to try.

Resumen del editor. "Published annually, this two-volume set provides a comprehensive overview of the most essential parts of VAT Directives in Europe. Volume 1 offers a systematic survey of the implications of the legal principles on indirect tax matters and of the VAT rules of the European Union in force, and a discussion of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in indirect tax matters, particularly in VAT. Volume 2 provides an (unofficial) integrated text of Directive 77/388/EEC of 17 May 1977 (the Sixth Directive as amended by subsequent directives, treaties of accession and regulations), as applicable until 1 January 2007. The articles of Council Regulation (EC) No. 1777/2005 of 17 October 2005, laying down implementing measures, are indicated under the articles of the Sixth Directive to which they relate. The latest directive integrated into the text is Directive 2006/98/EC of 20 December 2006. This integrated text is unofficial in nature, since headings and footnotes have been added and, where relevant, the text of other directives inserted. On 28 November 2006, Directive 2006/112/EC on the common system of value added tax (the Recast of the First and Sixth VAT Directives) was adopted, entering into force on 1 January 2007. In order to improve the drafting quality, the text of the Sixth Directive has undergone numerous changes. Although the changes do not affect its substantive content, they do alter the format with the 53 articles of the Sixth Directive divided into 414 new articles, of which article 411 repeals the Sixth Directive as set out in this integrated text "

This book serves as an introduction to the currect EU Value Added Tax system. It provides a consice overview of the working of EU VAT and the concepts and rationale behind it. The goal of this book is to enable the reader obtaining a basic knowledge of the EU VAT system, or to refresh his or hers memory within a day's work. Hence, this book is titled: 'Vat in a day'. Even though the book covers all aspects of the EU Vat system, some elements are discussed in more details than others. Didactically sound choices were made as regards the depth at which the various subjects in this book are discussed. Nevertheless, the book provides an account of the key providers in the VAT Directive and the key case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union in the field of VAT.

The Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (MLI) is the most forceful multilateral initiative to coordinate tax regimes on a worldwide basis since the dawn of modern income taxation over a century ago. This book evaluates two radically opposed viewpoints on the convention—a momentous and revolutionary paradigm shift versus a mechanism that merely continues an ongoing flow of limited policy coordination—with detailed investigations that bring to life the hopes and the realities of the current era of multilateral tax cooperation. Bringing together authors from national jurisdictions across the globe to scrutinize the MLI and its likely future ramifications, the book provides in-depth commentary and analysis in the following sequence: first, a comprehensive discussion of the design and goals of the MLI as a treaty and an institutional framework; second, an overview of the structure of the convention and its take-up across the globe to date; and third, the substantive implementation of the MLI with a wide range of country reports. Practice areas covered include tax law, international law, and international relations. The legal workings and implications of the MLI might still seem mysterious to those whose daily work is impacted by it, and there is as yet little jurisprudence regarding its legal nature or ultimate effect on the bilateral treaties coming within its scope. For these reasons, this pathbreaking book will be warmly welcomed by in-house counsel and law firms advising cross-border investors and firms; nongovernmental organizations involved in policy analysis and issue advocacy; researchers working on technical areas of international tax law; and lawyers interested in international policymaking, including the creation and diffusion of consensus-based fiscal and related regulatory norms across jurisdictions of differing development levels.

Quick Reference to European VAT Compliance provides the information necessary to deal with common compliance challenges via a format that allows readers to readily locate pertinent guidance when needed. This highly practical reference distills the problem-solving process by anticipating the relevant challenges and providing reliable help. Quick Reference to European VAT Compliance consists of two distinct sections: - An overview of how the various VAT systems in Europe work, with particular attention paid to compliance issues; and - Detailed, country-specific VAT compliance profiles for each EU Member State plus Iceland, Norway and Switzerland. Authored by the experts at Deloitte's Global Tax Center (Europe), Quick Reference to European VAT Compliance is an indispensable tool for professionals seeking to proactively manage VAT compliance.

Taxpayers often pay over more to the Receiver than required, and nowhere is this more evident than in the payment of Value Added Tax. There are thousands of VAT vendors in South Africa who are obliged to prepare a VAT return every two months. On the face of it, the process is very simple: record the VAT paid in respect of producing your product or service, subtract from this the VAT received in respect of your product or service, and pay the balance over to the Receiver. But in practice it is rather more complex, as certain rules apply to what you can and cannot claim as a legitimate amount, and on imports and exports related to your business. Tax consultants, who service several returns at a time, rush through the work, with the result that large amounts often get overlooked through ignorance or haste and millions of rands go unclaimed, or are paid over to the Receiver unnecessarily. But help is now at hand with The VAT Handbook, everyone’s essential guide on all matters concerning this tax.

With rare photographs and personal artifacts from private collections, this compelling history depicts the battle that would prove to be the turning point of World War II. The stories of the men who survived the invasion accompany those who courageously lost their lives, painting a remarkable, poignant, firsthand narrative. The author, who was a young boy living in a village near the site of the D-Day landing, includes his perspective, adding to the others'tales to offer a complete re-creation. Accurate, colorful, and authentic, this portrayal of the attack is a personal, moving account of one of the most importantyet heartbreakingdays in history."

A thoughtful and surprising argument for American tax reform, arguably the most overdue political debate facing the nation, from one of the most respected political and economic thinkers, advisers, and writers of our time. THE UNITED STATES TAX CODE HAS UNDERGONE NO SERIOUS REFORM SINCE 1986. Since then, loopholes, exemptions, credits, and deductions have distorted its clarity, increased its inequity, and frustrated our ability to govern ourselves. By tracing the history of our own tax system and assessing the way other countries have solved similar problems, Bruce Bartlett explores the surprising answers to all these issues, giving a sense of the tax code’s many benefits—and its inevitable burdens. From one of the most respected political and economic thinkers, advisers, and writers of our time, The Benefit and the Burden is a thoughtful and surprising argument for American tax reform.