The high cost of riprap facings for earth dams has indicated a need for investigating other methods for slope protection. Properties of such facings may be divided into two parts: erosion resistance to wave action and climatic conditions, and properties which influence the performance of the structure protected. Starting with developments for soil-cement in highway construction, modifications were evaluated through a series of laboratory tests to establish a basic mix and construction procedure for an experimental test section. The test section location and design were selected to secure test conditions representative of the maximum likely to be encountered. The results of a 10-year performance test are evaluated and modifications in mix design, construction procedure, and structure design determined for application to a dam presently under construction. Suggestions for selecting soils, performing laboratory tests, evaluating test results, and modifying designs to make soil-cement facings applicable are given. (Author).

This manual presents fundamental principles underlying the design and construction of earth and rock-fill dams. The general principles presented herein are also applicable to the design and construction of earth levees.