Einsprachig spanische Lern- und Übungsgrammatik auf Niveau B2/C1 TELC.

(abridged and revised) This reference grammar offers intermediate and advanced students a reason ably comprehensive guide to the morphology and syntax of educated speech and plain prose in Spain and Latin America at the end of the twentieth century. Spanish is the main, usually the sole official language of twenty-one countries,} and it is set fair to overtake English by the year 2000 in numbers 2 of native speakers. This vast geographical and political diversity ensures that Spanish is a good deal less unified than French, German or even English, the latter more or less internationally standardized according to either American or British norms. Until the 1960s, the criteria of internationally correct Spanish were dictated by the Real Academia Espanola, but the prestige of this institution has now sunk so low that its most solemn decrees are hardly taken seriously - witness the fate of the spelling reforms listed in the Nuevas normas de prosodia y ortograjia, which were supposed to come into force in all Spanish-speaking countries in 1959 and, nearly forty years later, are still selectively ignored by publishers and literate persons everywhere. The fact is that in Spanish 'correctness' is nowadays decided, as it is in all living languages, by the consensus of native speakers; but consensus about linguistic usage is obviously difficult to achieve between more than twenty independent, widely scattered and sometimes mutually hostile countries. Peninsular Spanish is itself in flux.

This Handbook provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of theoretical and descriptive research in contemporary Hispanic sociolinguistics. Offers the first authoritative collection exploring research strands in the emerging and fast-moving field of Spanish sociolinguistics Highlights the contributions that Spanish Sociolinguistics has offered to general linguistic theory Brings together a team of the top researchers in the field to present the very latest perspectives and discussions of key issues Covers a wealth of topics including: variationist approaches, Spanish and its importance in the U.S., language planning, and other topics focused on the social aspects of Spanish Includes several varieties of Spanish, reflecting the rich diversity of dialects spoken in the Americas and Spain

Juana Inés de la Cruz was acclaimed in her time as the "Phoenix of Mexico", America's tenth muse; a generation later she was forgotten. Rediscovered 300 years later, her works were reissued and she is now considered one of the finest Hispanic poets of the seventeenth century. Her works speak directly to our concern for the freedom of women to realize themselves artistically and intellectually. This anthology contains a selection of her poems.

La organización general de 'Uso de la gramática española' es la del 'syllabus' gramatical con el que manuales de E.L.E. suelen articular la progresión del aprendizaje en sus diferentes niveles. Su objetivo es dar a la gramática la importancia que tiene como medio para obtener competencia lingüística y, al tiempo, mayor confianza a la hora de comunicar. Los 32 temas de 'Uso de la gramática española - nivel intermedio - presentan toda la gramática necesaria y la trabajan en una serie de ejercicios. Cada tema tiene las siguientes partes - Observe y forma, que presenta los puntos gramaticales con ilustraciones y cuadros de los paradigmas; Uso, que explica las reglas esenciales de funcionamiento de los puntos gramaticales en situación de comunicación cotidiana; Ejercicios sistemáticos e graduados. 'Uso de la gramática española' se concibe como un material de trabajo activo, en el aula o en autoaprendizaje.