To determine the relation between simulation- (Laser Marksmanship Training System LMTS) and live-fire-based rifle marksmanship performance, 186 Reserve Component (RC) soldiers from Idaho and Oregon fired for qualification on a scaled LMTS version and live-fire version of the Army's standard pop-up target qualification course. LMTS was fired under either a dry-fire mode or a Blazer (i.e., sound/recoil replicator) mode. Statistically significant positive linear relations were found (and then validated) between first-run live-fire scores and both LMTS dry-fire- (r = .50) and Blazer-based (r = .55) scores. These relations were of sufficient strength to permit development of easy-to-use tools for accurately predicting soldier chances of first-run, live-fire qualification. With these tools, RC marksmanship trainers can implement a competency- based training program where soldiers most in need of remedial training (i.e., poor shooters) can be quickly identified, and the point at which sufficient training has been provided (i.e., when first-run live-fire qualification is likely) easily determined. These tools also provide RC unit commanders with empirically derived live-fire performance standards needed to support use of LMTS in place of live-fire for rifle marksmanship proficiency validation purposes when standard pop-up target course range facilities are not readily available. Although both tools will serve these purposes, that based on LMTS dry-fire is recommended because of the added expense of firing with Blazer without an accompanying statistically significant increased predictive benefit.

"To develop an LMTS-based tool for predicting small arms, live-fire marksmanship qualification performance, Idaho Reserve Component (RC) soldiers fired for qualification on LMTS and on the live-fire range with either the M16A2 rifle (N =95) or M9 pistol (N =81). A statistically significant relation between LMTS and live-fire qualification scores was found and validated for both rifle (r = .55) and pistol (r = .47) and then used to develop weapon-specific tools for RC trainers to use in predicting the probability of individual soldier, first-run, live-fire, rifle and pistol qualification based on scores fired on LMTS. Use of these prediction tools will enable RC marksmanship trainers to schedule LMTS-based training more efficiently by targeting only those soldiers in need of remediation (i.e., those predicted to be unlikely live-fire qualifiers), as well as to identify when enough training has been provided (i.e., when the predicted likelihood of live-fire qualification is good). These tools also provide the RC unit commander with a set of LMTS-based, empirically derived live-fire performance standards to support (a) implementation of a competency-based rifle, as well as pistol, sustainment training program of instruction using LMTS, and (b) use of LMTS-based qualification firing in place of live-fire qualification firing when outdoor range facilities are not readily available."--DTIC.

"This research compared the relative impact of two approaches for training Basic Rifle Marksmanship (BRM). One hundred and eighty four One-Station Unit Training (OSUT) infantry trainees (i.e., the experimental group) trained under a U.S. Army Reserve (USAR)-developed, device-based (i.e., the Beamhit Laser Marksmanship Training System LMTS) approach, and 202 infantry trainees (i.e., the control group) trained under the standard U.S. Army Infantry School BRM program of instruction. Results revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group on shot grouping, weapon zeroing, and known-distance firing. No between-group differences were found, however, for record fire qualification scores or for performance during pop-up target engagement practice periods leading up to qualification. The implications of these findings for initial marksmanship training are discussed along with plans for follow-up USAR-sponsored research to assess (a) the impact of LMTS-based training on sustainment performance, and (b) the feasibility of using LMTS-based performance to predict live-fire qualification scores."--Stinet.

This book reports on cutting-edge research into innovative system interfaces, highlighting both lifecycle development and human–technology interaction, especially in virtual, augmented and mixed-reality systems. It describes advanced methodologies and tools for evaluating and improving interface usability and discusses new models, as well as case studies and good practices. The book addresses the human, hardware, and software factors in the process of developing interfaces for optimizing total system performance, while minimizing their costs. It also highlights the forces currently shaping the nature of computing and systems, such as: the importance of portability and technologies for reducing power requirements; the necessity of a better assimilation of computation in the environment; as well as solutions to promote accessibility to computers and systems for people with special needs. The book, which is based on the AHFE 2019 International Conference on Human Factors and Systems Interaction, held on July 24-28, 2019, in Washington D.C., USA, offers a timely survey and practice-oriented guide for systems interface users and developers alike.