Vietnam is in the midst of one of the world’s most rapid and intensive rural-to-urban transitions. In Hanoi, heritage preservation has gained significant policy attention over the last decades, but efforts continue to focus on the Old Quarter and Colonial City to the exclusion of collective socialist housing complexes and former village areas, and natural features such as canals and urban lakes. Parks and public spaces are urgently needed to offset the high residential densities and to improve the quality of life of residents. Motor vehicles continue to fuel the growth in transportation. Significant efforts were recently made to establish a mass transit system, but progress there is slow. More attention should be paid to improving the existing transportation system and to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Investments in new housing estates have fuelled a speculative real estate market but failed to address adequately the needs of the vulnerable segments of the population. Regional integration is a challenge as the city expands and swallows the peri-urban areas around the city.

Since the Doi Moi policy of economic renovation was introduced in 1986, Vietnam has undergone deep transformations as a result of the transition to a socialist-oriented market economy. Social and urban transition has taken place in parallel, as urban dynamics were spurred on by Vietnamese public and private stakeholders, and by external agents such as international organizations and international solidarity organizations, experts, consultants and bilateral aid organizations.Here are the results of research carried out by French, Canadian and Vietnamese teams from the north and south of the country on the overarching theme of Vietnamese cities in transition. Some of this research deals with urban dynamics, some with the issues at stake within such dynamics, or with the strategies of the most significant stakeholders in urban transition: civil society, donors within the framework of official aid for development, consultants and international consultancy firms. These projects were carried out between 2001 and 2004 as part of the Urban Research Programme for Development (PRUD), and mainly focus on Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, or both in the case of comparative studies.Is there such a thing as a Vietnamese model of an Asian city? It seems that urban transition in Vietnam is not taking place in as radical and abrupt a manner as in China. The country's capacity for absorbing external models, the quest for a third way between state intervention and economic liberalism, and the fact that the country's architectural heritage is taken into account in urban planning, are just some of the reasons for its particularity. The issues addressed in each chapter, as well as the proposals for further research suggested by the contributors, should act as a catalyst for urban research in Vietnam.

In the late 1990s, planning authorities in the Vietnamese capital of Hanoi pushed the imaginary line between city and country several kilometres westward, engulfing dozens of rural settlements. As state policies forced rapid urbanization, villagers whose families had farmed the land for generations saw rice fields levelled, irrigation canals filled, and large avenues flanked by residential towers, big-box stores, and office buildings spring up. Danielle Labbé considers a century of change to the settlement of Hoa Muc – a community that underwent a rapid transition from rural village to urban neighbourhood. Through extensive research in the community, Labbé studies not only the changing lives of villagers, but also the state regulations and territorialization projects that drove these changes on the outskirts of Hanoi, and the early urban changes in the decades that preceded the reforms and continue to influence the area’s urbanization. Despite the new buildings, the end of farming activities, and the arrival of a large new population, the former villagers still consider Hoa Muc their homeland. The compelling story of this single village is both a portrait of a population that has endured despite drastic upheavals and a new analytical window onto Vietnam’s ongoing urban transition.

Built on 'the bend in the Red River', Hà Nội is among Southeast Asia's most ancient capitals. Over the centuries, it took shape in part from a dense substratum of villages. With the economic liberalisation of the 1980s, it encountered several obstacles to its expansion: absence of a real land market, high population densities, the government's food self-suffciency policy that limits expropriations of land and the water management constraints of this very vulnerable delta. Since the beginning of the new millennium, the change in speed brought about by the state and by property developers in the construction and urban planning of the province-capital poses the problem of integration of in situ urbanised villages, the importance of preserving a green belt around Hà Nội and the necessity of protection from flooding. The harmonious fusion of city and countryside, which has always constituted the Red River Delta's defining feature, appears to be in jeopardy. Working from a rich body of maps and field studies, this collective work reveals how this grass-roots urbanisation encounters 'top-down' urbanisation, or metropolisation. By combining a variety of disciplinary approaches on several different scales, through a study of spatial issues and social dynamics, this atlas not only enables the reader to gauge the impact of major projects on the lives of villages integrated into the city's fabric but also to re-establish the peri-urban village stratum as a fully-fledged actor in the diversity of this emerging metropolis.

This paper combined multi-temporal remotely sensed data with landscape indices to investigate urban growth patterns of the Hanoi capital city of Vietnam from 1993 to 2010. Furthermore, the quantitative composition and distribution of the growth types were analyzed during the different periods. Afterwards, the distance effect on urban growth pattern from the center and fringe of urban patches was studied using buffering analysis. Our objectives were to quantify the speed, growth modes, and resultant changes in landscape pattern of urbanization and to examine the diffusion-coalescence and the landscape structural homogenization processes in Hanoi capital city. Cities in Vietnam have been experiencing major urban transition since the country adopted the economic reform in 1986 which introduce liberal market mechanisms, encouraging private-sector initiatives, while retaining the government's role as the nation's strategic planner and enforcer. Hanoi, one of the two largest economic centers, has been experiencing a progressive urbanization during the 17 years between 1993 and 2010. Using gradient approach, our study has shown that the rate of urban growth was higher in between 10 to 35 km buffer zones. The growth modes and landscape structure changes of urbanization were also comprehensively captured and described using the landscape expansion index and selected landscape metrics. The process of urbanization was characterized by relative dominance of infilling, edge expansion, and spontaneous growth modes across the landscape. Our observation of the Hanoi urbanization in 17 year period could support the diffusion and coalescence phase dynamics. In addition, periodicity in the growing process, and the regularities of the shift of growth hot-zone revealed in this paper could be important implications for urban modeling and prediction. Through our landscape pattern analysis and comparison with other cities, it revealed that the urbanization of Hanoi is limited by its infrastructure systems which make the urban growth not evenly distributed, limiting their competitive advantage, disproportionately high transport costs, growing congestion and land market distortions. Therefore, strategic urbanization plan for future should consider improving urban transport and infrastructure systems, as well as strengthening its competitiveness in the region.

Most studies on urbanisation focus on the move of rural people to cities and the impact this has, both on the cities to which the people have moved, and on the rural communities they have left. This book, on the other hand, considers the impact on rural communities of the physical expansion of cities. Based on extensive original research over a long period in one settlement, a rural commune which over the course of the last two decades has become engulfed by Hanoi’s urban spread, the book explores what happens when village people become urbanites or city dwellers – when agriculture is abandoned, population density rises, the value of land increases, people have to make a living in the city, and the dynamics of family life, including gender relations, are profoundly altered. This book charts these developments over time, and sets urbanisation in Vietnam in the wider context of urbanisation in Southeast Asia and Asia more generally.

Vietnam is experiencing one of the greatest urban transitions over the last two decades after the embankment of "Doi Moi" policy in 1986. The urban transition is vividly manifested in social, economic and physical aspects. While the urbanization can boost the industrialization and modernization goals of the country, it can cause adverse impact on natural environment as well as society and economy. To support a sound urban development plan, it is important that data and analysis on urban built-up areas are accurate and timely available. In this study, the Support Vector Machine Classification Algorithm (SVM) was applied to the multi-temporal image stacks of Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) from 1993 to 2010 to quantify the changes of built-up areas over three time periods, 1993-2001, 2001-2006, and 2006-2010 and across twelve buffer zones. Our SVM classification algorithm has produced a highly accurate map of land use/land cover change with the overall accuracy of 95%. The study showed that most of the urban expansion occurred in the periods 2001-2006 and 2006-2010. The analysis was strengthened by the analysis of population census and other socio-economic figures. Through out this study, an implicit correlation between the urban growth, the trend of spatial expansion and other relevant geographic and socio-economic factors can be proposed. Result of this study would allow urban planners and decision makers to timely evaluate and adjust accordingly the urban growth and be aware of the sustainable usage of the invaluable natural lands and other environmental, social and economical problems.

Almost all developing countries are plagued by the problem of peasants crowding into cities in search of a better life. For scholars of and visitors to Vietnam, it is increasingly clear that the problem has also arrived in this recently freed socialist economy. Is it going to get worse before it gets better? What is the official response to the social disruptions and friction it causes? This ISEAS study completed at the end of 1993 is one of a few early surveys of this urban drift, and provides empirical data on the spontaneous migration to Hanoi from its rural environs. It also draws on a vast corpus of journalistic and academic literature in Vietnamese as well as government documents and decrees. The final work provides a picture of the migration pattern, the lifestyle of migrants in the city, the institutional changes that have been energized by this movement, and its many political and socioeconomic implications.

Analyses state-society interaction at the ward level of Hanoi and shows that at that level the mediation space results from the inefficient party-state as well as from the social dimensions that party-state officials operate when they try to enforce the rule of the one party-state.