Underground Sensing: Monitoring and Hazard Detection for Environment and Infrastructure brings the target audience the technical and practical knowledge of existing technologies of subsurface sensing and monitoring based on a classification of their functionality. In addition, the book introduces emerging technologies and applications of sensing for environmental and geo-hazards in subsurface – focusing on sensing platforms that can enable fully distributed global measurements. Finally, users will find a comprehensive exploration of the future of underground sensing that can meet demands for preemptive and sustainable response to underground hazards. New concepts and paradigms based on passively powered and/or on-demand activated, embeddable sensor platforms are presented to bridge the gap between real-time monitoring and global measurements. - Presents a one-stop-shop reference for underground sensing and monitoring needs that saves valuable research time - Provides application cases for all technologies that are covered and described in detail - Includes full, four color images of equipment and applications - Designed to cover a wide variety of underground sensors, from agriculture to geohazards

This book provides an in-depth coverage of the most recent developments in the field of wireless underground communications, from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The authors identify technical challenges and discuss recent results related to improvements in wireless underground communications and soil sensing in Internet of Underground Things (IOUT). The book covers both existing network technologies and those currently in development in three major areas of SitS: wireless underground communications, subsurface sensing, and antennas in the soil medium. The authors explore novel applications of Internet of Underground Things in digital agriculture and autonomous irrigation management domains. The book is relevant to wireless researchers, academics, students, and decision agriculture professionals. The contents of the book are arranged in a comprehensive and easily accessible format. Focuses on fundamental issues of wireless underground communication and subsurface sensing; Includes advanced treatment of IOUT custom applications of variable-rate technologies in the field of decision agriculture, and covers protocol design and wireless underground channel modeling; Provides a detailed set of path loss, antenna, and wireless underground channel measurements in various novel Signals in the Soil (SitS) testbed settings.

The use of sensors based on fibre optic technology allows a broad range of applications in the fields of structural and geotechnical monitoring, which can effectively improve the maintenance of infrastructures and the safety of communities. Thanks to its valuable features, such as distributed monitoring, the easiness and endurance of cabling, long term stability, reliable responses in both static and dynamic regimes and fibre optic technology, innovative and efficient solutions to quite difficult monitoring problems have already been provided. The increasing worldwide attention to infrastructures and communities with resilience capabilities against natural disasters has opened up new and challenging perspectives of applications to the use of fibre optic technology for structural and geotechnical monitoring. This book collects contributions in the development and application of monitoring solutions, based on fibre optic technology for structural and geotechnical engineering works and issues. In the book preface, the content of the contributions is reviewed, pointing out the relevance of the work, with respect to the advance and spreading of fibre optic technology for monitoring applications. All contributions provide a comprehensive discussion and report a rich bibliography on the current trends and issues relative to the theme of the work presented.

It is impossible to imagine the modern world without sensors, or without real-time information about almost everything—from local temperature to material composition and health parameters. We sense, measure, and process data and act accordingly all the time. In fact, real-time monitoring and information is key to a successful business, an assistant in life-saving decisions that healthcare professionals make, and a tool in research that could revolutionize the future. To ensure that sensors address the rapidly developing needs of various areas of our lives and activities, scientists, researchers, manufacturers, and end-users have established an efficient dialogue so that the newest technological achievements in all aspects of real-time sensing can be implemented for the benefit of the wider community. This book documents some of the results of such a dialogue and reports on advances in sensors and sensor systems for existing and emerging real-time monitoring applications.

Provides unique coverage of wireless sensor system applications in space, underwater, underground, and extreme industrial environments in one volume This book covers the challenging aspects of wireless sensor systems and the problems and conditions encountered when applying them in outer space, under the water, below the ground, and in extreme industrial environments. It explores the unique aspects of designs and solutions that address those problems and challenges, and illuminates the connections, similarities, and differences between the challenges and solutions in those various environments. The creation of Wireless Sensor Systems for Extreme Environments is a response to the spread of wireless sensor technology into fields of health, safety, manufacturing, space, environmental, smart cities, advanced robotics, surveillance, and agriculture. It is the first of its kind to present, in a single reference, the unique aspects of wireless sensor system design, development, and deployment in such extreme environments—and to explore the similarities and possible synergies between them. The application of wireless sensor systems in these varied environments has been lagging dramatically behind their application in more conventional environments, making this an especially relevant book for investigators and practitioners in all of these areas. Wireless Sensor Systems for Extreme Environments is presented in five parts that cover: Wireless Sensor Systems for Extreme Environments—Generic Solutions Space WSS Solutions and Applications Underwater and Submerged WSS Solutions Underground and Confined Environments WSS Solutions Industrial and Other WSS Solutions This book is a welcome guide for researchers, post-graduate students, engineers and scientists who design and build operational and environmental control systems, emergency response systems, and situational awareness systems for unconventional environments.

This dual conception of remote sensing brought us to the idea of preparing two different books; in addition to the first book which displays recent advances in remote sensing applications, this book is devoted to new techniques for data processing, sensors and platforms. We do not intend this book to cover all aspects of remote sensing techniques and platforms, since it would be an impossible task for a single volume. Instead, we have collected a number of high-quality, original and representative contributions in those areas.

This open access book is the first to systematically introduce the principles of urban informatics and its application to every aspect of the city that involves its functioning, control, management, and future planning. It introduces new models and tools being developed to understand and implement these technologies that enable cities to function more efficiently – to become ‘smart’ and ‘sustainable’. The smart city has quickly emerged as computers have become ever smaller to the point where they can be embedded into the very fabric of the city, as well as being central to new ways in which the population can communicate and act. When cities are wired in this way, they have the potential to become sentient and responsive, generating massive streams of ‘big’ data in real time as well as providing immense opportunities for extracting new forms of urban data through crowdsourcing. This book offers a comprehensive review of the methods that form the core of urban informatics from various kinds of urban remote sensing to new approaches to machine learning and statistical modelling. It provides a detailed technical introduction to the wide array of tools information scientists need to develop the key urban analytics that are fundamental to learning about the smart city, and it outlines ways in which these tools can be used to inform design and policy so that cities can become more efficient with a greater concern for environment and equity.

This book focuses on emerging wireless power/data and energy harvesting technologies, and highlights their fundamental requirements, followed by recent advancements. It provides a various technical overview and analysis of key techniques for wireless power/data and energy harvesting system design. The state-of-the-art system introduced in this book will benefit designers looking to develop wireless power transfer and energy harvesting technologies in a variety of fields, such as wearable, implantable devices, home appliances, and electric vehicles.

Sensing and Monitoring Technologies for Mines and Hazardous Areas: Monitoring and Prediction Technologies presents the fundamentals of mining related geotechnical risk and how the latest advances in sensing and data communication can be used both to prevent accidents and provide early warnings. Opencast mining operations involve huge quantities of overburden removal, dumping, and backfilling in excavated areas. Substantial increases in the rate of accumulation of waste dumps in recent years has resulted in greater height of dumps and also has given rise to the danger of dump failures as steeper open pit slopes are prone to failure. These failures lead to loss of valuable human lives and damage to mining machinery. This book presents the most recent advances in gas sensors, methane detectors, and power cut-off systems. It also introduces monitoring of the gas strata and environment, and an overview of the use of Internet of Things and cloud computing for mining sensing and surveillance purposes. Targeted at geotechnical and mining engineers, this volume covers the latest findings and technology to prevent mining accidents and mitigate the inherent risk of the activity. - Presents complete details of a real-time slope stability monitoring system using wireless sensor networking and prediction technique based on multivariate statistical analysis of various parameters and analytical hierarchy process methods - Discusses innovative ideas and new concepts of sensing technologies, mine transport surveillance, digital mining, and cloud computing to improve safety and productivity in mining industry - Includes slope stability prediction software, downloadable through a companion website, which can be used for monitoring, analyzing, and storing different sensors and providing audio-visual, SMS, and email alerts - Covers the latest findings and technology to prevent mining accidents and mitigate the inherent risk

Wireless sensor networks are an emerging technology with a wide range of applications in military and civilian domains. The book begins by detailing the basic principles and concepts of wireless sensor networks, including information gathering, energy management and the structure of sensory nodes. It proceeds to examine advanced topics, covering localisation, topology, security and evaluation of wireless sensor networks, highlighting international research being carried out in this area. Finally, it features numerous examples of applications of this technology to a range of domains, such as wireless, multimedia, underwater and underground wireless sensor networks. The concise but clear presentation of the important principles, techniques and applications of wireless sensor networks makes this guide an excellent introduction for anyone new to the subject, as well as an ideal reference for practitioners and researchers.