Master's Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Topic: Peace and Conflict, Security, grade: B, University for Peace, language: English, abstract: This paper sets out to understand the role of trust in conflict transformation and to find out whether and how trust can be built in the framework of conflict transformation. A bibliographic research using case study design, this is a qualitative analysis of the Baku Bae Peace Movement in the Maluku Island in Indonesia by employing Lederach’s Pyramid Model of Peacebuilding and Allport’s Contact Hypothesis as theoretical/conceptual frameworks. The results based on the analysis indicate that trust plays a significant role in both the short- and long-term goals of conflict transformation. In the short term, trust plays a role in re-bridging the communication and dialogue between the conflict parties, contributing to the lessening and ending of violence and paving the way for a negotiation toward peace and reconciliation. In the long run, trust fosters mutual understanding, cooperation, tolerance, acceptance and respect, which are the basis for a collaborative effort toward constructive social change to achieve a desired future—the ultimate goal of conflict transformation. The analysis also shows that trust can be built in the conflict transformation framework by integrating different approaches deemed to promote trust, such as the framework of the Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy, the conflict resolution skills trainings, the interactive problem-solving workshops, the establishment of neutral zones, and the educational and youth programs, into the framework as a foundation and a component of the conflict intervention. The study, however, concludes that although trust plays a key role in conflict transformation, it is only a component. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of a conflict prior to any intervention is essential for identifying and prioritizing key components in the intervention strategy.

Central to human relationships is trust. Human relationships are affected by conflict as much as trust is. To restore human relationships following conflicts, in particular intrastate, communal and ethno-religious conflicts, is to rebuild trust. This book tries to explore the role of trust in conflict transformation by analyzing the Baku Bae Peace Movement in Indonesia a successful initiative to reconcile and transform the relationships between Christians and Muslims in an ethno-religious conflict on the island of Maluku. The book also aims to understand how trust can be integrated into the framework of conflict transformation. The analysis shows that trust is an essential component of conflict transformation, and building trust is not only a foundation but also a component of conflict intervention. Moreover, trust is essential for both the short-term and long-term goals of conflict transformation.

In recent years, peace psychology has grown from a utopian idea to a means of transforming societies worldwide. Yet at the same time peacebuilding enjoys global appeal, the diversity of nations and regions demands interventions reflecting local cultures and realities. Peace Psychology in Asia shows this process in action, emphasizing concepts and methods diverging from those common to the US and Europe. Using examples from China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, and elsewhere in the region, chapter authors illuminate the complex social, political, and religious conditions that have fostered war, colonialism, dictatorships, and ethnic strife, and the equally intricate personal and collective psychologies that need to be developed to encourage reconciliation, forgiveness, justice, and community. Peace Psychology in Asia: Integrates psychology, history, political science, and local culture into concepts of peace and reconciliation. Highlights the indigenous aspects of peace psychology. Explains the critical relevance of local culture and history in peace work. Blends innovative theoretical material with empirical evidence supporting peace interventions. Balances its coverage among local, national, regional, and global contexts. Analyzes the potential of Asia as a model for world peace. As practice-driven as it is intellectually stimulating, Peace Psychology in Asia is vital reading for social and community psychologists, policy analysts, and researchers in psychology and sociology and international studies, including those looking to the region for ideas on peace work in non-Western countries.

Indonesia suffered an explosion of religious violence, ethnic violence, separatist violence, terrorism, and violence by criminal gangs, the security forces and militias in the late 1990s and early 2000s. By 2002 Indonesia had the worst terrorism problem of any nation. All these forms of violence have now fallen dramatically. How was this accomplished? What drove the rise and the fall of violence? Anomie theory is deployed to explain these developments. Sudden institutional change at the time of the Asian financial crisis and the fall of President Suharto meant the rules of the game were up for grabs. Valerie Braithwaite's motivational postures theory is used to explain the gaming of the rules and the disengagement from authority that occurred in that era. Ultimately resistance to Suharto laid a foundation for commitment to a revised, more democratic, institutional order. The peacebuilding that occurred was not based on the high-integrity truth-seeking and reconciliation that was the normative preference of these authors. Rather it was based on non-truth, sometimes lies, and yet substantial reconciliation. This poses a challenge to restorative justice theories of peacebuilding.

Working with Conflict 2 reflects the accumulated wisdom of over 3000 peacebuilding practitioners from 70 countries over the 20 years since the first Working with Conflict book was published. Its focus is on understanding and transforming conflict, building practical strategies for constructive change, analysing power, addressing violence, healing wounds and building movements for change. It is relevant to all who are trying to bring about change in intractable situations, from grassroots to policy level, including those working in the fields of peacebuilding, humanitarian assistance, development, climate change, human rights, gender equality, trauma healing and democracy. Working with Conflict 2 is an accessible practical resource, for both individuals and organisations working and researching how to work in conflict-prone and unstable parts of the world. Easy to use, including helpful visual materials, it provides a range of practical tools – processes, ideas, techniques – for tackling conflict, as well as providing links to other key conflict-related and peacebuilding resources, including organisations, publications and websites.

Plunder examines the dark side of the Rule of Law and explores how it has been used as a powerful political weapon by Western countries in order to legitimize plunder – the practice of violent extraction by stronger political actors victimizing weaker ones. Challenges traditionally held beliefs in the sanctity of the Rule of Law by exposing its dark side Examines the Rule of Law's relationship with 'plunder' – the practice of violent extraction by stronger political actors victimizing weaker ones – in the service of Western cultural and economic domination Provides global examples of plunder: of oil in Iraq; of ideas in the form of Western patents and intellectual property rights imposed on weaker peoples; and of liberty in the United States Dares to ask the paradoxical question – is the Rule of Law itself illegal?

Maluku in eastern Indonesia is the home to Muslims, Protestants, and Catholics who had for the most part been living peaceably since the sixteenth century. In 1999, brutal conflicts broke out between local Christians and Muslims, and escalated into large-scale communal violence once the Laskar Jihad, a Java-based armed jihadist Islamic paramilitary group, sent several thousand fighters to Maluku. As a result of this escalated violence, the previously stable Maluku became the site of devastating interreligious wars. This book focuses on the interreligious violence and conciliation in this region. It examines factors underlying the interreligious violence as well as those shaping post-conflict peace and citizenship in Maluku. The author shows that religion—both Islam and Christianity—was indeed central and played an ambiguous role in the conflict settings of Maluku, whether in preserving and aggravating the Christian-Muslim conflict or supporting or improving peace and reconciliation. Based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and interviews as well as historical and comparative research on religious identities, this book is of interest to Indonesia specialists, as well as academics with an interest in anthropology, religious conflict, peace and conflict studies.

This is an anthology of papers presented at a conference titled "Russian National Security: Perceptions, Policies, and Prospects" conducted from 4-6 December 2000. The book organizes the papers into six sections - The Russian National Security Community, Russia and Europe, Russian Policy Towards the Caucasus and Central Asia, Russia and Asia, Russia and the United States, and Russia's Military Transformation.

For courses in peace studies, peace education, international studies, psychology, political science, anthropology, and sociology. It is also appropriate for any course that addresses conflict (including conflict resolution), violence, and peace. Peace, Conflict, and Violence brings together the key concepts, themes, theories, and practices that are defining peace psychology as we begin the 21st century. This comprehensive book is rooted in psychology, but includes a wide range of interpersonal, community, national and international contexts, multiple levels of analysis from micro to macro, and multi-disciplinary perspectives. It reflects the breadth of the field and captures the main intellectual currents in peace psychology.

The sources of the Papua conflict are grouped into four sets of issues. First, is the problem of the marginalization of indigenous Papuans, and the discriminatory impacts on them resulting from the economic development of, political conflicts in, and mass migrations to Papua since 1970. To respond to this problem, an affirmative policy of recognition must be developed to empower indigenous Papuans. The second issue is the failure of development, particularly in the fields of education, health, and people's economic empowerment. This requires a new paradigm of development, focused on improving public services for the welfare of indigenous Papuans in the villages. The third main problem is the contradictions that exist between Papuan and Jakartan constructions of political identity and history. This problem can only be settled through dialogue, along the lines of the dialogue that was conducted for Aceh. The fourth issue is accountability for past state violence toward Indonesian citizens in Papua. For this, a road to reconciliation must be cleared, on which courts of human rights and the disclosure of the truth are the means of choice for law and justice to be upheld in Papua, for the victims and their families in particular, and all Indonesian citizens of Papua in general. The above four issues and agendas can be woven together to form a mutually interrelated policy strategy for comprehensive long-term resolution of the Papuan conflict. The atmosphere of Reformasi, and the existence of the accommodative Law No. 21/2001 on Special Autonomy (UU Otsus), a responsive central government, as well as the very large size of Papua's budget, lead the LIPI team to have faith that the problems of Papua can be resolved with justice, peace and dignity.