Excerpt from Transactions of the London and Middlesex Historical Society, 1918, Vol. 9 Street lamps there were none; and the only light shed at night when the moon was out of commission came from the windows of stores and of the numerous taverns that supplied liquid refreshment for the citizens. Those who had to be out at night foi any purpose, had to supply their own light by the aid efo round tin lanterns, with: holes wt in flowery patterns on the sides, and-a tallow dip dimly burning within. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1918, Vol. 1 The sort of false rumours that I have been quoting above were all concerning matters of high political or military import. But the Middle Ages were no less rife in popular fictions which were purely anecdotal, mar vellous, or intended to act as moral warnings. Tales of ghosts, devils, or impossible natural phenomena, of awful instances Of divine judgment on criminals, heretics, or blasphemers, used to pass freely from mouth to mouth, and sometimes even to get enshrined in a chronicle by some credulous writer greedy of anecdotes. For the sort of thing that would nowadays appear among the 'short paragraphs' of a halfpenny newspaper would in the thirteenth century have appealed to the less severe type of chronicler. The parallels of the gigantic straw berry or the five-ounce hen's-egg of to-day were such things as an apparition of the devil in Essex, or the Swallowing up by the 'earth of a woman at Newbury who was adding appeals to God to rank perjury. If the place was sufficiently remote from the chronicler's abode, the story might get down in black and white. The length of time for which some of these legends passed current is extraordinary. They emerge sub stantially identical in outline, but with place and name and date changed, at very long intervals, and in very different parts of Europe. They were still strong in the seventeenth century, and I Should not like to say that they altogether died out in the eighteenth. They were the parents of many ballads and chap-books. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1915, Vol. 9 Came like a deluge on the South, and spread Beneath Gibraltar to the Libyan sands. While the general aspects Of the war appeal to the imagination of historians, one part of the world-wide field in which it is waged has a special interest for us as English men. We associate with the names of the cities and rivers of Belgium memories of older battles than those which now turn them to heaps of ashes and redden the waters. There is hardly a place in Belgium or on its borders in which the ancestors of the English soldiers fighting now have not fought in times past. The names of Nieuport, Ostend, Antwerp, Ypres, and many other places take us back to earlier triumphs or reverses. All have their niche in the pages of our military history. \vhy is it that so many of our battles have been fought in this particular plot Of ground? It seemed to me that it would be not inappro priate to consider the causes which have produced the constant repetition of the same phenomena in successive centuries, and to link the present with the past by showing why we were Originally led to fight on Belgian soil, and to make its defence the traditional Object of English policy. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1903, Vol. 17 To discuss these national deficiencies further. Would take me a long way out of my course; Ihave only considered them so far because they are exemplified in the particular defect I am pressing on your notice - the want of a biblio graphy Of British history. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1912, Vol. 6 Sir J. Davis, A discoverie of the True Causes why Ireland was never entirely subdued, in a Collection of Tracts and Treatises illustrative of the Political State of Ireland, i. 667. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 1917, Vol. 11 With what great and general love Britain burned towards Frederick and Queen Elizabeth, I can scarcely describe. There was not a soldier, an officer, or a knight, that did not beg to be allowed to go to the help of Bohemia. As the exchequer was empty and did not suffice for domestic expense, men and women even brought money, with most willing minds, to sustain the war.' About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

'One of the most powerful books in the social sciences ever written. ... A must-read' Thomas Piketty 'The twentieth century's most prophetic critic of capitalism' Prospect Karl Polanyi's landmark 1944 work is one of the earliest and most powerful critiques of unregulated markets. Tracing the history of capitalism from the great transformation of the industrial revolution onwards, he shows that there has been nothing 'natural' about the market state. Instead of reducing human relations and our environment to mere commodities, the economy must always be embedded in civil society. Describing the 'avalanche of social dislocation' of his time, Polanyi's hugely influential work is a passionate call to protect our common humanity. 'Polanyi's vision for an alternative economy re-embedded in politics and social relations offers a refreshing alternative' Guardian 'Polanyi exposes the myth of the free market' Joseph Stiglitz With a new introduction by Gareth Dale

. Renewal of Life by Transmission. The most notable distinction between living and inanimate things is that the former maintain themselves by renewal. A stone when struck resists. If its resistance is greater than the force of the blow struck, it remains outwardly unchanged. Otherwise, it is shattered into smaller bits. Never does the stone attempt to react in such a way that it may maintain itself against the blow, much less so as to render the blow a contributing factor to its own continued action. While the living thing may easily be crushed by superior force, it none the less tries to turn the energies which act upon it into means of its own further existence. If it cannot do so, it does not just split into smaller pieces (at least in the higher forms of life), but loses its identity as a living thing. As long as it endures, it struggles to use surrounding energies in its own behalf. It uses light, air, moisture, and the material of soil. To say that it uses them is to say that it turns them into means of its own conservation. As long as it is growing, the energy it expends in thus turning the environment to account is more than compensated for by the return it gets: it grows. Understanding the word "control" in this sense, it may be said that a living being is one that subjugates and controls for its own continued activity the energies that would otherwise use it up. Life is a self-renewing process through action upon the environment.