Excerpt from Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1912, Vol. 5 If we first produce the pure crystalline phenol-alcohol, contain ing no excess of phenol, for instance crystalline saligenin or oxybenzyl-alcohol, and if we heat it gently, it will simply dehydrate and be transformed in a fusible mass which on cooling, solidifies to a resinous product - a fusible saliretin resin. The latter, submitted to the further action of heat, polymerizes and becomes an infusible, insoluble saliretin. This polymerization is facilitated, by the pres ence of small amounts of catalyzers, for instance, hydrochloric acid. The presence of an excess of phenol retards polymerization; hence the infusibility induced by polymerization will be retarded, and this, until some way or another the excess of phenol has been expelled. The infusible polymerized saliretin Obtained by heating phenol-alcohols containing no free phenol, or by heating fusible saliretin containing no free phenol, is insoluble in alcohol, but swells in acetone; it softens decidedly on heating, although it is no longer fusible. Longer heating does not harden it further, nor make it more resistive. It is harder, stronger, and more resistant to physical and chemical agents than the fusible saliretin from which it is derived; in this respect, it surpasses even more the soluble fusible resins described by Blumer, delaire, Baekeland, and called phenol resin by Aylesworth.17 But even after polymerization or hardening has been carried as far as possible, it is considerably less hard and less strong and less resistant to physical and chemical agents than the polymerization products resulting from the reaction of phenol on a sufficiently large proportion of formaldehyde or equivalent substances. In order to obtain the latter polymerization products of maxi mum strength. Hardness, and maximum resistivity. An adequately larger amount of methylen group must be introduced before or dur ing the act of polymerization. The introduction of this methylen group may be accomplished by at least three distinct methods. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1920, Vol. 13: Part I The paths of the early workers on electrolytic cells were not strewn with roses. They were very rocky. I speak from experience for I think I have been continuously in the business longer than any other man in this country. In September, 1894, I went to work for the old Electrochemical Company of Rumford Falls, Maine, as a laborer, 20 months later I was made superintendent of the plant, and have held that position there, and subsequently in Berlin for the Brown Company. That makes 26 years of experience. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1915, Vol. 8 The rainfall varies from almost nothing in the desert regions to 50 and 60 inches per annum in the northwestern counties of California. With but few local exceptions the climate is divided into a short wet period and a relatively long dry Spell, but the large streams of central and northern California flow the entire year, fed by the everlasting snows of the high Sierras. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 14: 1921-22 Sulphuric acid is universally concentrated by the application of heat. The first interest of the designer of apparatus to concentrate sulphuric acid must hence lie in the thermal properties of sulphuric acid. Several articles have been written on this subject, and one of them at least has treated the subject very thoroughly and comprehensively. The results, however, are not most conveniently expressed, and the original article is not particularly accessible. This, then, must be the excuse for the present attempt to present an old subject from a different viewpoint. The first thermal property of sulphuric acid which interests us is its specific heat. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1909, Vol. 2 The program which we have before us calls first for an address of welcome from Comptroller Herman A. Metz. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 1911, Vol. 4 The president: The first number on the program is an address of welcome on behalf of the Mayor of the City of Chicago by Mr. Edward F. Wade. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 11: 1918 If you go into this mill today you will find the men happy and contented, honest and capable, wiser and more tractable. You will find them workers instead of slackers. What a tremendous change and practically all of it dates to the time they came under the Brown management. Before going into the subject as to how these changes were brought about it is necessary to find out what caused these evils, for, if we know the cause, it is possible, even probable, that we may devise the remedy by the simple removal as far as possible of the cause. A mill or a community may be compared to the human being. It is made up of many parts, the functioning of which vary in both manner and degree. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineering, 1914, Vol. 7 Chemical engineering as an organized profession is comparatively new, although many men have been engaged in this class Of work since the beginning of large-scale manufacture. Since the organiza tion Of this Institute, various definitions have been given to outline the scope of our professional activities, many schemes have been suggested to improve the training of our apprentices, some advances have been made towards standardization in our engineering practice, a code defining the ethical standards of our profession has been formulated and adopted, and we have shown our aims, with some results, in constructive patent reform. Work of such a character is of the greatest importance, and is far in advance of that heretofore undertaken by any other organization in our field. It can never be regarded as completed, and the best thought and effort Of well constituted committees will continue to be given to advancement along these lines, with great resultant benefit to the profession. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Transactions of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Vol. 9: 1916 When by unforeseen circumstances a nation is suddenly plunged into conditions depriving it of materials necessary for its welfare, it becomes an eminent duty of such a people to take immediate steps to attempt to restore the supply of the wanting essentials. Since history ever repeats itself, the assumption can at once be made that such conditions must have been taken under advisement long before there was any evidence of their becoming actualities, but the presumable optimistic trait in human nature and without which we would not be able to live through a happy existence, will procrastinate the evil day, with the intention of relying on the strength of the country when the necessity arises. Recent events, however, have proved that this is no easy matter and the effort made in this direction, by making an inventory of our supplies, brings us to face the question of crude material, a question which is of the utmost importance in order that our stocks may be sustained. The United States is a country of immense resources, but owing to territorial advantages or seasonal conditions, it follows that some of the basic needs are entirely wanting or so limited that they may be considered a negligible quantity. No matter if we are surrounded by a high protective duty or laboring under a tariff for revenue simply, at least that in name, which obviously means nothing at all, instances will always remain where desirable commodities are lacking. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.