Language Resources (LRs) are sets of language data and descriptions in machine readable form, such as written and spoken language corpora, terminological databases, computational lexica and dictionaries, and linguistic software tools. Over the past few decades, mainly within research environments, LRs have been specifically used to create, optimise or evaluate natural language processing (NLP) and human language technologies (HLT) applications, including translation-related technologies. Gradually the infrastructures and exploitation tools of LRs are being perceived as core resources in the language services industries and in localisation production settings. However, some efforts ought yet to be made to raise further awareness about LRs in general, and LRs for translation and localisation in particular to a wider audience in all corners of the world. Topics in Language Resources for Translation and Localisation sets out to establish the state of the art of this ever expanding field and underscores the usefulness that LRs can potentially have in the process of creating, adapting, managing, standardising and leveraging content for more than one language and culture from various perspectives.

Web localization is a cognitive, textual, communicative and technological process by which interactive web texts are modified to be used by audiences in different sociolinguistic contexts. Translation and Web Localization provides an in-depth and comprehensive overview into this emerging field of study. The book covers the key areas and main theoretical and practical approaches of the subject, rather than a step by step practical guide. Topics covered include the often controversial definition of localization, how the process develops, what constitutes a text in this process, digital genre theory and its implications, and how to conduct research or training in this field. The book concludes with a look into the dynamic nature of web localization and the forces, such as crowdsourcing, that are reshaping web localization and translation as we know it. In light of the deep changes brought by the Internet, Translation and Web Localization is an indispensable book for researchers, postgraduate and advanced undergraduate students of translation studies, as well as practitioners and researchers in related fields such as computational linguistics, applied linguistics, Internet linguistics, digital genre theory and web development.

A Practical Guide to Localization was written for technical translators, localization engineers, testing engineers, desktop publishers, project managers, and anyone else who may be involved in the release of multilingual products.In this second edition, translators can learn more about localizing software, online help and documentation files, and the latest translation technology tools. Localization engineers can learn all about developing, engineering, and testing multilingual software and online help projects. For project managers, there is all the information needed for planning translation and localization projects, finding resources, and ensuring product quality. New to this second, fully updated and revised edition are chapters on internationalization, multilingual desktop publishing, and software quality assurance. The book has been designed both as a reference work and a teaching tool. Visit the www.locguide.com web site for additions and updates to the book, as well as references and links relevant to technical translation and localization. The web site also contains extracts from the book, reviews, and ordering information. Bert Esselink has been active in localization for over a decade. After graduating in technical translation and taking university classes in programming and computational linguistics he worked for several years as software localizer, localization engineer, and technical project manager at International Software Products. In 1996 he joined ALPNET in Amsterdam as localization manager before taking on the role of globalization manager, developing internal production quality standards. In January 2000 Bert joined Lionbridge to head up their European globalization consulting services.

Provides an overview of a dynamic and rapidly growing area with a widely applied methodology. This handbook covers the historical development of the field and its growing influence and application in other areas. It is suitable for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates.

Translation, Second Edition introduces the theory and practice of translation from a variety of linguistic and cultural angles, and has been revised and updated to feature: a study of translation through the lens of key topics in linguistics such as semantics, functional linguistics, corpus and cognitive linguistics, discourse analysis, gender studies and postcolonialism; a wide range of examples from other languages, including French, Spanish, German, Italian, Russian and Arabic, with English back-translations to assist comprehension; material from a variety of sources, genres and text-types, such as advertisements, religious texts, reports for international organizations, videogames, literary and technical texts; influential readings from the key names in the discipline, including Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet, Eugene Nida, Werner Koller and Ernst-August Gutt, and contains new readings from Mona Baker, Michael Cronin, Kim Grego, Miguel A. Jiménez-Crespo, Kevin Gary Smith, Harald Martin Olk, Carmen Mangiron and Minako O’Hagan. Additional resources for the book can be found at www.routledge.com/9780415536141. Written by two experienced teachers, translators and researchers, Translation remains an essential resource for students and researchers of translation studies and Applied Linguistics.

Over the past two decades, international trade agreements such as GATT and NAFTA have lowered international trade barriers. At the same time, the information revolution has fueled profound shifts in the ways companies conduct business and communicate with their customers, and worldwide acceptance of the ISO 9000 standard has established the notion that quality must be defined in terms of customer satisfaction. Falling trade barriers and rising quality standards have made linguistic and cultural issues increasingly important. To successfully compete in today’s global on-demand economy, companies must localize their products and services to fit the needs of the local market in terms of language, culture, functionality, work practices, as well as legal and regulatory requirements. In recognition of the growing importance of localization, this volume explores a certain number of key issues, including: • Return on investment and the localization business case • Localization cost drivers and cost-containment strategies • Localization quality and customer-focused quality management • Challenges posed by localization of games, including Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) • Using a meta-language to facilitate accurate translation of disembodied content • The case for managing source-language terminology • Terminology management in the localization process • Reconciling industry needs and academic objectives in localization education • Localization standards and the commoditization of linguistic information • The creation and application of language industry standards • Rethinking customer-focused localization through user-centered design • Moving from translation reuse to language reuse

The global/local distinction has changed significantly, and the topic has been heatedly debated in literary and cultural as well as translation scholarship. In this age of globalisation, the traditional definition of translation has been altered. In the present anthology, translation is viewed as a cultural and political practice, and accordingly translation studies is based on a heightened awareness of global/local tensions in translation and of its moderating and transforming impact on local cultural paradigms. All the essays in this anthology deal with issues of translation from a cultural and theoretic perspective with regard to tensions and conflicts between global and local interests and values. No matter how different their approaches may seem, the essays are thematically integrated to discuss translation in a dialectical framework: either “globalising” Chinese issues internationally, or “localising” general and international issues domestically.

This book offers a systematic and comprehensive account of translation competence (TC), reflecting on its different models and conceptualisations throughout its development and outlining future directions for both theory and practice. The volume charts the evolution of TC in line with related findings in empirical product- and process-oriented research. In critically examining the different models of translation competence, Quinci explores a wide range of connected issues of ongoing debate within Translation Studies, including translation quality, the revision process, and translator self-assessment. The second section of the book investigates these themes at work in the design, conduct, and results of an award-winning longitudinal research project which analysed the acquisition and development of TC in a sample group of translation trainees and professional translators. The volume builds on the outcomes of this project to offer practical activities for translator education, informed by theory and empirical research, toward encouraging continued reflection and new directions for translation competence research and practice. This book will be of interest to scholars in Translation Studies, as well as translation trainees and active translation professionals.

Aims at developing an integrative linguistic perspective on talk at work. This book approaches the topic of professional communication from multiple levels, providing critical, valuable insights into the dynamics of creating and maintaining professional relationships at work.

This volume offers a wide array of cutting-edge original research on the implementation of Foreign Language Pedagogy in translator and interpreter training, a still rather unexplored field of research in Translation Studies. It is divided in two distinct sections. The first section focuses on theoretical approaches to this topic. The chapters of this section will offer the reader valuable new knowledge and thoughts on how to update and enrich academic curricula as well as how to make use of cognitive linguistics and to implement a multicultural approach in the demanding domain of translator and interpreter training. The second practical section comprises a series of diverse methods and didactical means of Foreign Language Pedagogy which are creatively adapted to fit in language and translation/interpreting teaching for translation/interpreting trainees, aiming at fostering their translational sub-competences. The volume’s overarching aim is to clearly emphasise that foreign language teaching for translation and interpreting trainees has to be approached and structured differently than conventional language teaching in other academic disciplines. It is useful for scholars and translation/interpreting teachers who want to enrich translator/interpreter training with new interdisciplinary ideas and knowledge which will significantly assist them in enhancing the translation/interpreting competence of their students.