This volume provides a unique forum to review cell microencapsulation in a broad sense by exploring various cell types that have been encapsulated for different purposes, different approaches and devices used for microencapsulation, the biomaterials used in cell microencapsulation, the challenges to the technology, and the current status of its application in different clinical situations. This book is divided in five sections: Section I is an introductory part that discusses historical developments of the technology and its current challenges, as well as the various applications of cell microencapsulation; Section II discusses the main approaches and devices currently used in cell microencapsulation; Section III presents an overview of the various polymeric materials currently in use for cell microencapsulation and the enabling technologies to either monitor or enhance encapsulated cell function; Section IV gives specific examples of the methods used to encapsulate various cell types; and Section V provides an overview of the different clinical situations in which cell microencapsulation has been applied. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Thorough and practical, Cell Microencapsulation: Methods and Protocols is a valuable reference for researchers, engineers, clinicians, and other healthcare professionals, as well as food technologists who will find detailed descriptions of methods for the microencapsulation of specific cell types and their current of potential clinical and industrial applications. This volume also includes detailed information about the design and manufacture of different devices including large-scale production devices for use in cell microencapsulation.

Nano- or micro-encapsulation is used in many different fields and industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, food, and agrochemicals. It offers advantages for various applications, especially drug delivery. Nano-encapsulation can help extend and control the release of drugs as well as increase drug bioavailability and efficacy. It improves the precision of targeted drug delivery and allows for fabricating nano-encapsulated drugs for diagnostic and theranaostic applications. This book covers recent advances in fabricating nano-/micro-capsules using natural carriers for therapeutic and diagnostic drug delivery applications as well as rheology and formulations of micro-emulsions for diverse applications. This book is essential for scientists and researchers with diverse backgrounds in chemistry, engineering, material sciences, pharmaceuticals, and drug delivery.

Cell immobilisation biotechnology is a multidisciplinary area, shown to have an important impact on many scientific subdisciplines – including biomedicine, pharmacology, cosmetology, food and agricultural sciences, beverage production, industrial waste treatment, analytical applications, biologics production. "Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology" is an outcome of the editors’ intention to collate the extensive and widespread information on fundamental aspects and applications of immobilisation/encapsulation biotechnology into a comprehensive reference work and to provide an overview of the most recent results and developments in this domain. "Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology" is divided into the two book volumes, FOBI 8A and FOBI 8B. The FOBI 8A volume, Fundamentals of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology, is dedicated to fundamental aspects of cell immobilisation while the present volume, FOBI 8B, Applications of Cell Immobilisation Biotechnology, deals with diverse applications of this technology.

There have been tremendous strides in cellular transplantation in recent years, leading to accepted practice for the treatment of certain diseases, and use for many others in trial phases. The long history of cellular transplantation, or the transfer of cells from one organism or region of the body to another, has been revolutionized by advances in stem cell research, as well as developments in gene therapy. Cellular Transplants: From Lab to Clinic provides a thorough foundation of the basic science underpinning this exciting field, expert overviews of the state-of-the-art, and detailed description of clinical success stories to date, as well as insights into the road ahead. As highlighted by this timely and authoritative survey, scale-up technologies and whole organ transplantation are among the hurdles representing the next frontier. The contents are organized into four main sections, with the first covering basic biology, including transplant immunology, the use of immunosuppressive drugs, stem cell biology, and the development of donor animals for transplantation. The next part looks at peripheral and reconstructive applications, followed by a section devoted to transplantation for diseases of the central nervous system. The last part presents efforts to address the key challenges ahead, such as identifying novel transplantable cells and integrating biomaterials and nanotechnology with cell matrices. - Provides detailed description of clinical trials in cell transplantation - Review of current therapeutic approaches - Coverage of the broad range of diseases addressed by cell therapeutics - Discussion of stem cell biology and its role in transplantation

This book is intended to provide an overview and review of the latest developments in microencapsulation processes and technologies for various fields of applications. The general theme and purpose are to provide the reader with a current and general overview of the existing microencapsulation systems and to emphasize various methods of preparation, characterization, evaluation, and potential applications in various fields such as medicine, food, agricultural, and composites. The book targets readers, including researchers in materials science processing and/or formulation and microencapsulation science, engineers in the area of microcapsule development, and students in colleges and universities.

50th anniversary of artificial cells -- Basic principles -- Oxygen carriers based on nanobiotechnology -- A nanobiotechnologic therapeutic that transports oxygen and remove oxygen radicals: for stroke, hemorrhagic shock and related conditions -- Nanotechnology-based artificial red blood cells (RBC's) -- Use of enzyme artificial cells for genetic enzyme defects that increase systemic substrates to toxic levels -- Enzyme artificial cells in substrate-dependent tumors and activation of prodrug -- Artificial cells for cell encapsulation -- Artificial cells containing hepatocytes and/or stem cells in regenerative medicine -- Hemoperfusion in poisoning, kidney failure, liver failure, and immunology -- Perspectives on the future of artificial cells as suggested by past research.

The advancement of science is ever more contingent upon the interaction of experts vast amount of scientific information being gathered every day that exceeds the ability of any one scientist to acquire. As an illustration of the frantic pace of scientific disc- more acute in the case of scientific fields at the interface of different and seemingly distant areas of study. Amidst these, the field of cell encapsulation brings together an array of diverse disciplines such as molecular biology and biopolymers, gene therapy and inorganic membranes, stem cell biology and physicochemistry, immunology and nanotechnology. Clearly, such range of topics is too broad for any individual scientist the state-of-the-art in the field of cell encapsulation. At the core of this technology, there is an interaction of physicochemical and biological elements forming three distinct layers of complexity. First, the chemistry of the biopolymer dictates the degree of protein adsorption, vascularization, tox- ity and biocompatibility of the microcapsules. Advances in biopolymer science are providing solutions to overcome existing challenges and to improve microcapsules as delivery vehicles. Second, the choice of cells, and more precisely the plethora of in determining the immune response elicited by the host to implanted microcapsules.

Consumers prefer food products that are tasty, healthy, and convenient. Encapsulation is an important way to meet these demands by delivering food ingredients at the right time and right place. For example, encapsulates may allow flavor retention, mask bad tasting or bad smelling components, stabilize food ingredients, and increase their bioavailability. Encapsulation may also be used to immobilize cells or enzymes in the production of food materials or products, such as fermentation or metabolite production. This book provides a detailed overview of the encapsulation technologies available for use in food products, food processing, and food production. The book aims to inform those who work in academia or R&D about both the delivery of food compounds via encapsulation and food processing using immobilized cells or enzymes. The structure of the book is according to the use of encapsulates for a specific application. Emphasis is placed on strategy, since encapsulation technologies may change. Most chapters include application possibilities of the encapsulation technologies in specific food products or processes. The first part of the book reviews general technologies, food-grade materials, and characterization methods for encapsulates. The second part discusses encapsulates of active ingredients (e.g., aroma, fish oil, minerals, vitamins, peptides, proteins, probiotics) for specific food applications. The last part describes immobilization technologies of cells and enzymes for use within food fermentation processes (e.g., beer, wine, dairy, meat), and food production (e.g., sugar conversion, production of organic acids or amino acids, hydrolysis of triglycerides). Edited by two leading experts in the field, Encapsulation Technologies for Food Active Ingredients and Food Processing will be a valuable reference source for those working in the academia or food industry. The editors work in both industry or academia, and they have brought together in this book contributions from both fields.

Translational Regenerative Medicine is a reference book that outlines the life cycle for effective implementation of discoveries in the dynamic field of regenerative medicine. By addressing science, technology, development, regulatory, manufacturing, intellectual property, investment, financial, and clinical aspects of the field, this work takes a holistic look at the translation of science and disseminates knowledge for practical use of regenerative medicine tools, therapeutics, and diagnostics. Incorporating contributions from leaders in the fields of translational science across academia, industry, and government, this book establishes a more fluid transition for rapid translation of research to enhance human health and well-being. - Provides formulaic coverage of the landscape, process development, manufacturing, challenges, evaluation, and regulatory aspects of the most promising regenerative medicine clinical applications - Covers clinical aspects of regenerative medicine related to skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, bone, fat, muscle, vascular system, hematopoietic /immune system, peripheral nerve, central nervous system, endocrine system, ophthalmic system, auditory system, oral system, respiratory system, cardiac system, renal system, hepatic system, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary system - Identifies effective, proven tools and metrics to identify and pursue clinical and commercial regenerative medicine

This fourth edition volume expands on the previous editions with new insights on important aspects to take into accounting when immobilizing enzymes and cells, illustrating outstanding examples that support those aspects, and exploring ways to fabricate and characterize heterogeneous biocatalysts including both immobilized enzymes and cells. The transformation of soluble and usually instable enzymes into heterogeneous and highly stable biocatalysts is strongly emphasized. The chapters in this book cover topics such as the importance of enzyme orientation on the support surface; application and characterization of immobilized enzymes; different functionalization chemistries for the modulation of the immobilized enzyme properties; co-immobilization of multi-enzyme systems; new analytical techniques for the characterization of heterogeneous biocatalysts; protocols for cell entrapment in alginate; preparation and characterization of biofilms; and cell encapsulation technologies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and authoritative, Immobilization of Enzymes and Cells: Methods and Protocols, Fourth Edition is a valuable resource for researchers interested in expanding their knowledge of this developing field.