Although the theory of object-oriented programming languages is far from complete, this book brings together the most important contributions to its development to date, focusing in particular on how advances in type systems and semantic models can contribute to new language designs.The fifteen chapters are divided into five parts: Objects and Subtypes, Type Inference, Coherence, Record Calculi, and Inheritance. The chapters are organized approximately in order of increasing complexity of the programming language constructs they consider - beginning with variations on Pascal- and Algol-like languages, developing the theory of illustrative record object models, and concluding with research directions for building a more comprehensive theory of object-oriented programming languages.Part I discusses the similarities and differences between "objects" and algebraic-style abstract data types, and the fundamental concept of a subtype. Parts II-IV are concerned with the "record model" of object-oriented languages. Specifically, these chapters discuss static and dynamic semantics of languages with simple object models that include a type or class hierarchy but do not explicitly provide what is often called dynamic binding. Part V considers extensions and modifications to record object models, moving closer to the full complexity of practical object-oriented languages.Carl A. Gunter is Professor in the Department of Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania. John C. Mitchell is Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Stanford University.

by Luea Cardelli Ever since Strachey's work in the 1960's, polymorphism has been classified into the parametric and overloading varieties. Parametric polymorphism has been the subject of extensive study for over two decades. Overloading, on the other hand, has often been considered too ad hoc to deserve much attention even though it has been, in some form, an ingredient of virtually every programming lan guage (much more so than parametric polymorphism). With the introduction of object-oriented languages, and in particular with multiple-dispatch object-oriented languages, overloading has become less of a programming convenience and more of a fundamental feature in need of proper explanation. This book provides a compelling framework for the study of run-time over loading and of its interactions with subtyping and with parametric polymorphism. The book also describes applications to object-oriented programming. This new framework is motivated by the relatively recent spread of programming languages that are entirely based on run-time overloading; this fact probably explains why this subject was not investigated earlier. Once properly understood, overloading reveals itself relevant also to the study of older and more conventional (single dispatch) object-oriented languages, clarifying delicate issues of covariance and contravariance of method types, and of run-time type analysis. In the final chapters, a synthesis is made between parametric and overloading polymorphism.

By developing object calculi in which objects are treated as primitives, the authors are able to explain both the semantics of objects and their typing rules, and also demonstrate how to develop all of the most important concepts of object-oriented programming languages: self, dynamic dispatch, classes, inheritance, protected and private methods, prototyping, subtyping, covariance and contravariance, and method specialization. An innovative and important approach to the subject for researchers and graduates.

A presentation of the formal underpinnings of object-oriented programming languages.

An Essential Reference for Intermediate and Advanced R Programmers Advanced R presents useful tools and techniques for attacking many types of R programming problems, helping you avoid mistakes and dead ends. With more than ten years of experience programming in R, the author illustrates the elegance, beauty, and flexibility at the heart of R. The book develops the necessary skills to produce quality code that can be used in a variety of circumstances. You will learn: The fundamentals of R, including standard data types and functions Functional programming as a useful framework for solving wide classes of problems The positives and negatives of metaprogramming How to write fast, memory-efficient code This book not only helps current R users become R programmers but also shows existing programmers what’s special about R. Intermediate R programmers can dive deeper into R and learn new strategies for solving diverse problems while programmers from other languages can learn the details of R and understand why R works the way it does.

This guide covers the underlying philosophy of object orientation and demonstrates its practical usage, exploring both the analysis and the design phases of applying object-oriented techniques. The authors use an innovative approach based not on reality, but rather the way reality is understood by people (not computers). Topics covered include project management of object-oriented programs, making the transition from 00 analysis to 00 design, 00 databases and AI tools.

Once a radical notion, object-oriented programming is one of today's most active research areas. It is especially well suited to the design of very large software projects involving many programmers all working on the same project. The original contributions in this book will provide researchers and students in programming languages, databases, and programming semantics with the most complete survey of the field available. Broad in scope and deep in its examination of substantive issues, the book focuses on the major topics of object-oriented languages, models of computation, mathematical models, object-oriented databases, and object-oriented environments. The object-oriented languages include Beta, the Scandinavian successor to Simula (a chapter by Bent Kristensen, whose group has had the longest experience with object-oriented programming, reveals how that experience has shaped the group's vision today); CommonObjects, a Lisp-based language with abstraction; Actors, a low-level language for concurrent modularity; and Vulcan, a Prolog-based concurrent object-oriented language. New computational models of inheritance, composite objects, block-structure layered systems, and classification are covered, and theoretical papers on functional object-oriented languages and object-oriented specification are included in the section on mathematical models. The three chapters on object-oriented databases (including David Maier's "Development and Implementation of an Object-Oriented Database Management System," which spans the programming and database worlds by integrating procedural and representational capability and the requirements of multi-user persistent storage) and the two chapters on object-oriented environments provide a representative sample of good research in these two important areas. Bruce Shriver is a researcher at IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Peter Wegner is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at Brown University. Research Directions in Object-Oriented Programmingis included in the Computer Systems series, edited by Herb Schwetman.

Designed as a text for the senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in computer science, this compact and comprehensive book provides a clear insight into Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and delineates the major areas where OOP principles can be profitably applied. The fundamental tenets of OOP, viz. encapsulation, inheritance and abstraction syndrome are skillfully analyzed. What's more, the book blends theory and applications in the most adept fashion to make it extremely handy for the students.The text takes C++ as an example (it is not just another book on C++ by any means) and details some of the fundamental requirements from the OOP angle. In addition, it discusses the various aspects of software development using OOP. An indepth coverage is given to the design, usage and re-usage of containers. Besides, the book covers such topics and GUIs (particularly MS-Windows) and advanced GUI programming concepts. Designed as a text for the senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in computer science, this compact and comprehensive book provides a clear insight into Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and delineates the major areas where OOP principles can be profitably applied. The fundamental tenets of OOP, viz. encapsulation, inheritance and abstraction syndrome are skillfully analyzed. What's more, the book blends theory and applications in the most adept fashion to make it extremely handy for the students.The text takes C++ as an example (it is not just another book on C++ by any means) and details some of the fundamental requirements from the OOP angle. In addition, it discusses the various aspects of software development using OOP. An indepth coverage is given to the design, usage and re-usage of containers. Besides, the book covers such topics and GUIs (particularly MS-Windows) and advanced GUI programming concepts.

The book describes fundamental object-oriented programming methods and explains how readers may apply them within the Windows 95 (and 98) and Windows NT environments using three leading programming tools - Microsoft Visual C++, Visual Basic, and Borland Delphi. Readers will understand how traditional object-oriented principles and techniques correspond to the characteristics of modern operating environments and how OOP approaches can help them more efficiently create genuinely user-friendly applications. The book describes from an object perspective many important Windows programming components and tasks, including: windows and dialog boxes, ActiveX and other controls, menus, event handling, graphics, file access, on-line help, and OLE (object linking and embedding).