The Use of Electric Batteries for Civil Aircraft Applications is a comprehensive and focused collection of SAE International technical papers, covering both the past and the present of the efforts to develop batteries that can be specifically installed in commercial aircraft. Recently, major commercial aircraft manufacturers started investigating the possibility of using Li-Ion batteries at roughly the same time that the military launched their first applications. As industry events unfolded, the FAA and committees from RTCA and SAE continued efforts to create meaningful standards for the design, testing, and certification of Li-Ion battery systems for commercial aviation. The first document issued was RTCA DO-311 on Mar. 13, 2008. As the industry continues to develop concepts and designs for the safe utilization of the new Li-Ion battery systems, many are already working on designs for all-electric aircraft, and small two-seat training aircraft are currently flying. The challenges for an all-electric, transport category aircraft will be significant, and the battery design ranks as one of the greatest. The more energy that is packaged into a small area to provide for the propulsion requirements, the more stringent are the design parameters and mitigation methodologies needed to make the system safe. The success or failure of this endeavor lies squarely on the shoulders of the engineers and scientists developing these new systems, and places additional pressure on the regulatory agencies to acquire the relevant knowledge for the creation of minimum operational performance standards for them. Edited by Michael Waller, an industry veteran, The Use of Electric Batteries for Civil Aircraft Applications, is a must-read for those interested in the new power generation making its way into commercial aircraft.

Fundamentals of Electric Aircraft was developed to explain what the electric aircraft stands for by offering an objective view of what can be expected from the giant strides in innovative architectures and technologies enabling aircraft electrification. Through tangible case studies, a deep insight is provided into this paradigm shift cutting across various aircraft segments – from General Aviation to Large Aircraft. Addressing design constraints and timelines foreseen to reach acceptable performance and maturity levels, Fundamentals of Electric Aircraft puts forward a general view of the progress made to date and what to expect in the years to come. Drawing from the expertise of four industry veterans, Pascal Thalin (editor), Ravi Rajamani, Jean-Charles Mare and Sven Taubert (contributors), it addresses futuristic approaches but does not depart too far from the operational down-to-earth realities of everyday business. Fundamentals of Electric Aircraft also offers analyses on how performance enhancements and fuel burn savings may bring more value for money as long as new electric technologies deliver on their promises.

The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.

Distilling complex theoretical physical concepts into an understandable technical framework, Next-Generation Batteries and Fuel Cells for Commercial, Military, and Space Applications describes primary and secondary (rechargeable) batteries for various commercial, military, spacecraft, and satellite applications for covert communications, surveillan

The Handbook of Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Design: Chemistry, Components, Types and Terminology,?Second Edition provides a clear and concise explanation of EV and Li-ion batteries for readers that are new to the field. The second edition expands and updates all topics covered in the original book, adding more details to all existing chapters and including major updates to align with all of the rapid changes the industry has experienced over the past few years. This handbook offers a layman's explanation of the history of vehicle electrification and battery technology, describing the various terminology and acronyms and explaining how to do simple calculations that can be used in determining basic battery sizing, capacity, voltage, and energy. By the end of this book the reader will have a solid understanding of the terminology around Li-ion batteries and be able to undertake simple battery calculations. The book is immensely useful to beginning and experienced engineers alike who are moving into the battery field. Li-ion batteries are one of the most unique systems in automobiles today in that they combine multiple engineering disciplines, yet most engineering programs focus on only a single engineering field. This book provides the reader with a reference to the history, terminology and design criteria needed to understand the Li-ion battery and to successfully lay out a new battery concept. Whether you are an electrical engineer, a mechanical engineer or a chemist, this book will help you better appreciate the inter-relationships between the various battery engineering fields that are required to understand the battery as an Energy Storage System. It gives great insights for readers ranging from engineers to sales, marketing, management, leadership, investors, and government officials. - Adds a brief history of battery technology and its evolution to current technologies? - Expands and updates the chemistry to include the latest types - Discusses thermal runaway and cascading failure mitigation technologies? - Expands and updates the descriptions of the battery module and pack components and systems?? - Adds description of the manufacturing processes for cells, modules, and packs? - Introduces and discusses new topics such as battery-as-a-service, cell to pack and cell to chassis designs, and wireless BMS?

Construction, installation and servicing of lead-acid and nickel-cadmium batteries. ISBN# 0-89100-052-6. 36 pages.

Larger airframes drove the development of electrical systems, capable of quickly and reliably starting the new higher power engines. These soon gave rise to the need for engine-mounted electrical generators as the primary source of in-flight power for the electrical loads and onboard recharging of the aircraft battery system. Of all the backup power sources, batteries represent the most common means of storing energy for auxiliary or emergency power requirements. It is not unusual for a typical commercial airliner, such as a B-737 or A-320, to have dozens of batteries on board. Over time, multiple battery chemistries were put to the test and the industry is still working on the optimal option. The lithium-ion technology has been gaining acceptance, with some important aspects to be considered: the application type, basic safety requirements and the presence or absence of humans on the vehicle. The Electrification of Civil Aircraft and the Evolution of Energy Storage, edited by Michael Waller, presents 10 seminal SAE technical papers which address multiple aspects of specific design, cell configuration and mitigation strategies in the case of battery failure. Additionally, with all the changes resulting from monitoring, control, and performance/safety test criteria, battery manufacturers have found themselves becoming systems integrators, having to quickly acquire knowledge of electronics and system modeling. As new technologies become available, industry will attempt to take advantage of all potential benefits, in a process that can have a profound impact on the product offerings that emerge and in the way business is conducted. The Electrification of Civil Aircraft and the Evolution of Energy Storage presents a solid perspective on how civil aviation has matured in its quest to develop lighter, more efficient and less polluting aircraft, and also more electric.

The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.