Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop describes the change from the current Internet, which focuses on the democratization of information independent of location or time, to the Tactile Internet, which democratizes skills to promote equity that is independent of age, gender, sociocultural background or physical limitations. The book promotes the concept of the Tactile Internet for remote closed-loop human-machine interaction and describes the main challenges and key technologies. Current standardization activities in the field for IEEE and IETF are also described, making this book an ideal resource for researchers, graduate students, and industry R&D engineers in communications engineering, electronic engineering, and computer engineering. - Provides a comprehensive reference that addresses all aspects of the Tactile Internet – technologies, engineering challenges, use cases and standards - Written by leading researchers in the field - Presents current standardizations surrounding the IETF and the IEEE - Contains use cases that illustrate practical applications

The Tactile Internet will change the landscape of communication by introducing a new paradigm that enables the remote delivery of haptic data. This book answers the many questions surrounding the Tactile Internet, including its reference architecture and adapted compression methods for conveying haptic information. It also describes the key enablers for deploying the applications of the Tactile Internet. As an antecedent technology, the IoT is tackled, explaining the differences and similarities between the Tactile Internet, the Internet of Things and the Internet of Everything. The essentials of teleoperation systems are summarized and the challenges that face this paradigm in its implementation and deployment are also discussed. Finally, a teleoperation case study demonstrating an application of the Tactile Internet is investigated to demonstrate its functionalities, architecture and performance.

The digital divide, caused by several factors such as poverty and slow communication technologies, has offset the progression of many developing countries. However, with rapid changes in technology, a better collaboration among communities and governance based on the latest research in ICT and technology has begun to emerge. Employing Recent Technologies for Improved Digital Governance is an essential reference source that provides research on recent advances in the development, application, and impact of technologies for the initiative of digital governance. The book has a dual objective with the first objective being to encourage more research in deploying recent trends in the internet for deploying a collaborative digital governance. The second objective is to explore new possibilities using internet of things (IoT) and cloud/fog-based solutions for creating a collaboration between the governance and IT infrastructure. Featuring research on topics such as intelligent systems, social engineering, and cybersecurity, this book is ideally designed for policymakers, government officials, ICT specialists, researchers, academicians, industry professionals, and students.

The goal of this book is to describe new concepts for Internet next generation. This architecture is based on virtual networking using Cloud and datacenters facilities. Main problems concern 1) the placement of virtual resources for opening a new network on the fly, and 2) the urbanisation of virtual resource implemented on physical network equipment. This architecture deals with mechanisms capable of controlling automatically the placement of all virtual resources within the physical network. In this book, we describe how to create and delete virtual networks on the fly. Indeed, the system is able to create any new network with any kind of resource (e.g., virtual switch, virtual routers, virtual LSRs, virtual optical path, virtual firewall, virtual SIP-based servers, virtual devices, virtual servers, virtual access points, and so on). We will show how this architecture is compatible with new advances in SDN (Software Defined Networking), new high-speed transport protocol like TRILL (Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links) and LISP (Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol), NGN, IMS, Wi-Fi new generation, and 4G/5G networks. Finally, we introduce the Cloud of security and the virtualisation of secure elements (smartcard) that should definitely transform how to secure the Internet.

The latest developments and recent progress on the key technologies enabling next-generation 6G mobile networks Toward 6G: A New Era of Convergence offers an up-to-date guide to the emerging 6G vision by describing new human-centric services made possible by combinations of mobile robots, avatars, and smartphones, which will be increasingly replaced with wearable displays and haptic interfaces that provide immersive extended reality (XR) experiences. The authors—noted experts on the topic—include a review of their work and information on the recent progress on the Tactile Internet and multi-sensory haptic communications. The book highlights decentralized edge computing in particular via Ethereum blockchain technologies, most notably the so-called decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) for crowdsourcing of human skills to solve problems that machines (such as autonomous artificial intelligence agents and robots) alone cannot solve well. The book also contains a review of the most recent and ongoing work on XR (including virtual/augmented/mixed reality). Specifically, the book describes the implications of the transition from the current gadgets-based Internet to a future Internet that is evolving from bearables (such as smartphones), moves towards wearables (for example Amazon's recently launched voice-controlled Echo Loop ring, glasses, and earbuds), and then finally progresses to nearables with embedded computing technologies and intelligent provisioning mechanisms for the delivery of human-intended services, including sixth-sense perceptions, in a 6G post-smartphone era. This important text: Offers a review of the 6G network architectures and key enabling technologies Explains why 6G should not be a mere exploration of more spectrum at high-frequency bands, but rather a convergence of upcoming technological trends Describes the Tactile Internet's human-in-the-loop centric design principles and haptic communications models Includes analytical frameworks to estimate the fluid orchestration of human + machine co-activities across unified communication network infrastructures Explores the performance gains of cooperative computation offloading with communications and computation limitations in both fronthaul and backhaul Written for students, network researchers, professionals, engineers, and practitioners, Toward 6G: A New Era of Convergence explores the most recent advances on the key technologies enabling next-generation 6G mobile networks, with an emphasis on their seamless convergence.

This book provides an overview of the next generation Internet of Things (IoT), ranging from research, innovation, development priorities, to enabling technologies in a global context. It is intended as a standalone in a series covering the activities of the Internet of Things European Research Cluster (IERC), including research, technological innovation, validation, and deployment. The text builds on the ideas put forward by the European Research Cluster, the IoT European Platform Initiative (IoT-EPI), the IoT European Large-Scale Pilots Programme and the IoT European Security and Privacy Projects, presenting global views and state-of-the-art results regarding the next generation of IoT research, innovation, development, and deployment. The IoT and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are evolving towards the next generation of Tactile IoT/IIoT, bringing together hyperconnectivity (5G and beyond), edge computing, Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR), and AI transformation. Following the wider adoption of consumer IoT, the next generation of IoT/IIoT innovation for business is driven by industries, addressing interoperability issues and providing new end-to-end security solutions to face continuous treats. The advances of AI technology in vision, speech recognition, natural language processing and dialog are enabling the development of end-to-end intelligent systems encapsulating multiple technologies, delivering services in real-time using limited resources. These developments are focusing on designing and delivering embedded and hierarchical AI solutions in IoT/IIoT, edge computing, using distributed architectures, DLTs platforms and distributed end-to-end security, which provide real-time decisions using less data and computational resources, while accessing each type of resource in a way that enhances the accuracy and performance of models in the various IoT/IIoT applications. The convergence and combination of IoT, AI and other related technologies to derive insights, decisions and revenue from sensor data provide new business models and sources of monetization. Meanwhile, scalable, IoT-enabled applications have become part of larger business objectives, enabling digital transformation with a focus on new services and applications. Serving the next generation of Tactile IoT/IIoT real-time use cases over 5G and Network Slicing technology is essential for consumer and industrial applications and support reducing operational costs, increasing efficiency and leveraging additional capabilities for real-time autonomous systems. New IoT distributed architectures, combined with system-level architectures for edge/fog computing, are evolving IoT platforms, including AI and DLTs, with embedded intelligence into the hyperconnectivity infrastructure. The next generation of IoT/IIoT technologies are highly transformational, enabling innovation at scale, and autonomous decision-making in various application domains such as healthcare, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, energy, agriculture, transportation and autonomous vehicles, the military, logistics and supply chain, retail and wholesale, manufacturing, mining and oil and gas.

ICT technologies have contributed to the advances in wireless systems, which provide seamless connectivity for worldwide communication. The growth of interconnected devices and the need to store, manage, and process the data from them has led to increased research on the intersection of the internet of things and cloud computing. The Handbook of Research on the IoT, Cloud Computing, and Wireless Network Optimization is a pivotal reference source that provides the latest research findings and solutions for the design and augmentation of wireless systems and cloud computing. The content within this publication examines data mining, machine learning, and software engineering, and is designed for IT specialists, software engineers, researchers, academicians, industry professionals, and students.

Dabble in the beauty and wonder of mathematics as it contributes to a variety of fields including literature, biology, economics and of course psychology, where the mathematics of sex plays some unexpected roles.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Smart Multimedia, ICSM 2019, which was held in San Diego, CA, USA, in December 2019. The 45 papers presented were selected from about 100 submissions and are grouped in sections on 3D mesh and depth image processing; image understanding; miscellaneous; smart multimedia for citizen-centered smart living; 3D perception and applications; video applications; multimedia in medicine; haptics and applications; smart multimedia beyond the visible spectrum; machine learning for multimedia; image segmentation and processing; biometrics; 3D and image processing; and smart social and connected household products.

An easy-to-read encyclopedic handbook on translating visual information into a three-dimensional form that blind and visually impaired persons can understand. This heavily illustrated guide covers theory, techniques, materials, and step-by-step instructions for educators, rehabilitators, graphic artists, museum and business personnel, employers, and anyone involved in producing tactile material for visually impaired persons. Separate chapters are devoted to such important topics as production methods, how to edit and prepare material, pictures, maps, charts and graphs, and displays for readers with low vision.